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Biljna ulja su esteri trovalentnog alkohola glicerola i masnih kiselina, a sadrže i manje količine negliceridnih sastojaka (1-2 %). Biljna ulja dobivaju se iz uljarica, koje imaju dvostruku primjenu: za izravnu potrošnju te kao materijal za proizvodju jestivih biljnih ulja. Postoje 3 vrste jestivih biljnih ulja s obzirom na tehnologiju proizvodnje: rafinirano, hladno prešano i djevičansko ulje. Sjemenke sikavice koriste se za proizvodnju visokokvalitetnog hladno prešanog ulja i brašna. Faze pripreme sirovine za preradu sastoje se od transporta, čišćenja, sušenja i skladištenja sjemenki sikavice. Proces prešanja sjemenki sikavice provodi se isključivo na hidrauličnim ili pužnim prešama. Proizvodnja hladno prešanog ulja sikavice najčešće se provodi s pužnom prešom pri čemu se dobije sirovo ulje koje mora ići na pročišćavanje (filtracija, sedimentacija, centrifugalni separator). Ostatak uljarice nakon prešanja (pogača) ide na mljevenje kako bi se proizvelo brašno za primjenu u pekarkoj i konditorskoj industriji. Vegetable oils are esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids, also containing nonglyceride components (1-2%). Vegetable oils are made from oilseeds, which have dual purpose: for immediate consumption and as material for the production of vegetable oils. There are 3 categories of edible vegetable oils in view of technology process: refined, cold-pressed and virgin oils. Milk thistle seeds are used for production of high-quality cold-pressed oils and flour. Preparation of raw materials for processing consists of transport, grinding, claning, drying and storing milk thistle seeds. Process of pressing milk thistle seeds is being implemented exclusively on hydraulic and screw presses. Production of cold-pressed milk thistle oil is usually implemented on screw press and the product is raw oil which needs to go on purification (filtration, sedimentation, centrifugal separator). Resdiue of oilseeds after pressing must go on grinding so the flour could be producted. Usage of flour is taken place in bakery and confectionery industry. |
