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Ugljikohidrati su skupina spojeva čija je opća formula Cn(H2O)m. Predstavljaju skladište energije i građevne elemente biljaka. Ugljikohidrati sadrže keto, aldenidne, i alkoholne funkcionalne skupine. Klasificirani su u tri osnovne skupine, razlikujemo monosaharide, oligosaharide i polisaharide. Monosaharidi su ugljikohidrati koji obično sadrže tri do devet ugljikovih atoma. Oni su najjednostavniji oblik ugljikohidrata. Monosaharidi se klasificiraju prema broju ugljikovih atoma koje sadrže (trioze, tetroze, pentoze, heksoze...) ili prema funkcionalnoj skupini (aldoze ili ketoze). Nastaju u procesu fotosinteze, u kojem biljke proizvode velike količine glukoze iz ugljičnog dioksida i vode uz pomoć sunčeve energije. Carbohydrates are a class of compounds that have the general molecular formula Cn(H2O)m. They are storage of energy and structural framework for plants. Carbohydrates contain ketone, aldehyde, and alcohol functional groups. They are classified into three basic groups, therefore distinguish monosaccharydes, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are carbohydrates containing three to nine atoms of carbon. They are the simplest form of carbohydrates which are widespread around the nature. Monosaccharides are classified according to number of carbon atoms (triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose...), or group that contain (aldose or ketose). They are products of process of photosynthesis, plants form glucose in great quantities from carbon dioxide and water. |
