| Přispěvatelé: |
Serrano-Bernardo, Francisco A, Bruzzi, Luigi, Marcucci, Marianna, Bonoli, Alessandra, Rosúa-Campos, José Luis |
| Popis: |
The main objective of this article is the analysis of tourism activities located in a given territory during their evolution and steady state life.Interventions to make tourism more sustainable are deeply analysed.Specific tools to improve sustainability of tourism are also discussed.Positive effects induced by regulated procedures such as SEA, EIA, EMAS, ISO14001, ECOLABEL, SWOT ANALYSIS are taken into consideration as well. Specific attention is devoted to the implementation of the EU Ecolabel in sustainable hotel management. Some other forms of environmental friendly sustainable tourism are also described. This paper discusses positive results expected from various kinds of sustainable tourism in terms of reduction of resource consumption, pollutants and CO2 emissions, solid waste management, preservation of biodiversity, etc. Much attention is given to indicators able to measure sustainability of tourism in a given territory, such as economic performance (Gross Domestic Product, GDP), quality of social life (Human Development Index, HDI), health conditions (Life Expectancy at birth), energy consumption, air and water quality, etc. More specific indicators directly connected with tourism are also investigated. Among them, one can mention specific indicators such as the amount of green area per person, number of hotels, number of rooms and residences for families, traffic congestion and noise, etc. Specific case studies are devoted to the life of tourism destinations according to the model developed by Butler. In the last part of the study the characterization of the area and the calculation of the specific indicators are described. The methodology is tested and applied to some specific areas with the aim at showing the dynamic nature of the destination life divided among different phases. For the selected destinations, adequate indicators are identified and quantified with the aim of improving the level of sustainability of different conditions. |
