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William Caxton je stanovnicima Londona predstavio tiskarski stroj 1476. godine. Nakon tiskanja jednog francuskog romana, Caxton je započeo tiskarsku industriju u Engleskoj. Tiskarska industrija je bila razlog mnogim poboljšanjima u engleskom društvu. Prvo, više je ljudi imalo posao; drugo, zbog novog interesa za čitanjem, pismenost među nižim društvenim klasama je počela rasti; treće, žene su također bile podučavane čitanju i mogle su sudjelovati u proizvodnji knjiga. Jedan od važnijih elemenata koji je utjecao na tiskarsku industriju i cijelo elizabetansko razdoblje je bila religija. Kada je kralj Henry VIII bio na vlasti, započeo je reformaciju religije. 1534. godine je pokrenuo prijelaz s katolicizma na protestantizam, no prijelaz je postao službenim tek kada je kraljica Elizabeta I preuzela prijestolje krajem 1558. godine. U razdoblju od šezdeset godina tiskano je više verzija Biblije, od kojih je jedna, po prvi puta bila na engleskom jeziku. Osim Biblije, bile su popularne i druge knjige. Na primjer, knjige na engleskom jeziku, knjige o poljoprivredi, o medicini i knjige za djecu. Međutim, u praksu su stupili zakoni o cenzuri i autorskim pravima. Kraljica je određivala što se smije tiskati te tko što smije tiskati. Na primjer, samo je jedan tiskar imao dopuštenje tiskanja zakonskih knjiga. Zakon o autorstvu se počeo razvijati, te su tiskare imale osiguranje o plaćanju u slučaju kada neka druga tiskara objavi njihovu knjigu. Još jedan važan element u tiskarskoj industriji je bila trgovina knjigama, ključna za promicanje poslovanja i oglašavanje novih knjiga. The printing press was brought to London in 1476 by William Caxton, who printed a translation of a French novel and thus marked the beginning of the printing industry in England. The printing industry led to many improvements in the English society. Firstly, more people had jobs; secondly, literacy among lower social classes started to increase because of the new interest in reading; thirdly, women were taught how to read and could participate in the production of books. One of the most important elements affecting both the printing industry and the whole Elizabethan period was religion. During the reign of Henry VIII, more precisely in 1534, the change from Catholicism to Protestantism was initiated, but it was not official until Queen Elizabeth ascended to the throne in late 1558. In the period of sixty years, multiple versions of the Bible were printed, and for the first time it was available in English. Apart from the Bible, other types of books were popular, such as vernacular books, agricultural books, books on medicine, and children's books. However, censorship and copyright laws came into use which affected the type of books available on the market. Due to copyright law, a printing company was protected if some other publisher printed a book they had already printed. Another important element of the book industry was the book market, which was essential for publicizing new books and promoting publishing companies. |
