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U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća došlo je do narušavanja prirodne ravnoteže u morskim ekosustavima. Zbog brojnih ljudskih aktivnosti, poput ribolova i turizma, morske zajednice trpe mnoge ekološke štete te se smanjuje bioraznolikost i biomasa u bentičkim i pelagijskim zajednicama. Podaci o ribolovu na području otoka Rave su vrlo oskudni. Stoga, uz pomoć prikupljanja lokalnih informacija o ribarstvu kroz desetljeća, temeljenih na znanju ribara, istražilo se lokalno ekološko znanje o ribarstvu (FLEK - Fisheries local ecological knowledge) otoka Rave, te se dobio pregled o prisutnosti autohtonih i alohtonih vrsta morskih organizama na tom području, te o kvalitativnim i kvantitativnim promjenama ihtiofaune. Istraživački dio rada vršio se uz pomoć anketiranja ribara s Vele i Male Rave o ulovljenim vrstama ribe i drugim morskim organizama, te njihovoj količini i ribolovnim alatima korištenima u periodu od 1960-ih godina do danas. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, pri sredini prošlog stoljeća, lovilo se dva do tri puta više ribe nego danas, ali su se tijekom ovog desetljeća počele loviti veće količine ribe nego u prošlom desetljeću. Isto tako, ispitanici su izjavili kako su ribe u prošlosti bile veće, ali su trenutno u porastu u odnosu na prošlo desetljeće. Uočeno je kako su se određene populacije riba i sisavaca povećale zbog utjecaja kaveznog uzgoja. Ovim istraživanjem upućuje se na važnost o stjecanju i širenju postojećih ihtioloških i ekoloških znanja koji su značajni za bolje upravljanje, odnosno postizanje održivog upravljanja ribarstvom na području otoka Rave. In the last few decades, natural balance in marine ecosystems has been disturbed. Due to numerous human activities, such as fishing and tourism, marine communities are suffering many environmental damages, and also biodiversity and biomass in benthic and pelagic communities are reducing. Data about fishing in the area of the Rava island are very scarce. Therefore, with the help of gathering local information about fisheries through decades, based on fishermen’s knowledge, the Fisheries Local Ecological Knowledge (FLEK) of the Rava island was surveyed and an overview of the presence of autochthonous and allochthonous species of marine organisms in this area was obtained. Also, information about qualitative and quantitative changes of ichtiophauna were gathered. Research was carried out through interviewing fishermen from Vela and Mala Rava island about the fish species and other marine species, their quantity and about the fishing tools used since 1960’s to present day. According to the research results, we can conclude that in the middle of the last century (1950’s, 1960’s) fishermen caught two to three times more fish than today. However, during this decade, larger quantities of fish have been caught unlike in previous decade. Also, fishermen have stated that fish were larger in the past but are currently larger than in the past decade. It has been noted that certain fish and mammal populations have increased due to the impact of cage fish farming. This research points importance of acquiring and spreading existing ichthyological and ecological knowledge that are important for achieving sustainable fisheries management in the area of the Rava island. |
