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Roditeljstvo je jedna od najvažnijih tranzicija u životu osobe koja se odluči na zasnivanje obitelji, te ono uvelike utječe na različite aspekte života pojedinca. Pod utjecajem globalizacijskih promjena, došlo je do pluralizacije i prepoznatosti različitih oblika obitelji pri čemu jedan od najučestalijih jest jednoroditeljska obitelj u kojoj majka živi sama s djetetom, odnosno djecom. Jednoroditeljske obitelji mogu nastati rastavom, rođenjem djeteta u izvanbračnim okolnostima ili umiranjem jednog roditelja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u doživljaju roditeljskog stresa, depresivnosti, samoprocjenama roditeljske kompetentnosti, percipirane socijalne podrške te obiteljske kohezivnosti majki s obzirom na tip obitelji kojoj pripadaju. Također, ispitan je doprinos navedenih varijabli samoprocjeni kompetentnosti u roditeljskoj ulozi. U istraživanju je sudjelovala 661 sudionica, od čega 568 sudionica živi u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima, odnosno u braku su, a 93 sudionice žive u jednoroditeljskim obiteljima. Poduzorak sudionica koje žive u jednoroditeljskim obiteljima, ponajviše sačinjavaju razvedene majke; njih 55, potom nevjenčane majke kojih je 31, te naposljetku majke udovice kojih je 8. Za potrebe istraživanja primijenjene su sljedeće skale: Skala samoprocjene kompetentnosti roditelja, Skala roditeljskog stresa, Multidimenzionalna skala percipirane socijalne podrške, Skala obiteljske kohezivnosti, Skala depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa - 42 te upitnik općih podataka. Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u samoprocjeni roditeljskog stresa majki s obzirom na to žive li majke u jednoroditeljskoj ili dvoroditeljskoj obitelji. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da majke koje žive u jednoroditeljskim obiteljima izvještavaju o višim razinama depresivnosti i nižim razinama ukupne primljene socijalne podrške nego majke koje žive u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima. Majke se ne razlikuju u samoprocjeni vlastite roditeljske kompetentnosti s obzirom na vrstu obitelji u kojoj se nalaze (jednoroditeljska ili dvoroditeljska). Multiplom regresijskom analizom pomoću utvrđeno je da su roditeljski stres i depresivnost majki značajni prediktori roditeljske kompetentnosti objašnjavajući pritom 51% varijanace kriterija. Dakle, što su razine roditeljskog stresa i depresivnosti niže to je viša samoprocjena roditeljske kompetentnosti. Percipirana socijalna podrška i obiteljska kohezija se nisu pokazali kao značajni prediktori na ukupnom uzorku majki, te kod majki u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima. Kod majki koje žive u jednoroditeljskim obiteljima roditeljski stres i ukupna razina percipirane socijalne podrške su se pokazali kao značajni prediktori roditeljske kompetentnosti objašnjavajući 57% varijance kriterija. Što su razine roditeljskog stresa niže, a percipirana socijalna podrška viša, to je viša samoprocjena roditeljske kompetentnosti. Parenting is one of the most important transitions in the lives of people who decide to start a family, and it greatly affects various aspects of an individual's life. Under the influence of globalization changes there has been pluralization and recognition of various forms of family, with one of the most common being a single-parent family in which the mother lives alone with the child or children. Single-parent families can arise through divorce, the birth of a child out of wedlock or the death of one parent. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the experience of parental stress, depression, self-assessments of parental competencies, perceived social support and family cohesiveness of mothers with regard to the type of family to which they belong. Also, the contribution of the mentioned variables to the self-assessment of competence in the parental role was examined. 661 participants participated in the research, of which 568 participants live in two-parent families, ie they are married, and 93 participants live in single-parent families.The subsample of participants living in single-parent families is mostly composed of divorced mothers; 55 of them, then unmarried mothers of which there are 31, and 8 widows. For the purposes of the research, the following scales were used: Scale of parental self-assessment, Parental stress scale, Multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Scale of family cohesiveness, Depression, anxiety and stress scale - 42 and a general data questionnaire. There was no significant difference in the self-assessment of parental stress of mothers with regard to the type of family in which they are (single-parent or two-parent). Research has found that mothers living in single-parent families report higher levels of depression and lower levels of total social support received than mothers living in two-parent families. Mothers do not differ in their self-assessment of their own parental competence with regard to the type of family in which they live (single-parent or two-parent). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine that parental stress and maternal depression are significant predictors of parental competence, explaining 51% of the variations in criteria. Thus, the lower the levels of parental stress and depression, the higher the self-assessment of parental competence. Perceived social support and family cohesion did not prove to be significant predictors in the overall sample of mothers, and in mothers in two-parent families. In mothers which are living in single-parent families, parental stress and the overall level of perceived social support proved to be significant predictors of parental competence, explaining 57% of the variant criteria. The lower the levels of parental stress, and the higher the perceived social support, the higher the self-assessment of parental competence. |
