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Prvi put u Europi da su žene tražile svoje pravo glasa bilo je nakon Francuske revolucije 1789. godine, no nije bilo od prevelikog značaja. Tek nakon liberalne i buržoaske revolucije 1848. godine, u Francuskoj i ostalim zemljama zapadne i srednje Europe dolazi do stvaranja feminističkih pokreta te žene uspijevaju kroz nekoliko godina doći do prava glasa. U državama koje su bile multinacionalne, poput Austro-Ugarske ili sovjetskih zemalja, žene su dobile pravo glasa tek nakon Prvog svjetskog rata i njihovih raspada. Ipak, konkretna prekretnica događa se 1979. godine kada Margaret Thatcher postaje prva britanska premijerka. Već sljedeće godine, Island bira prvu predsjednicu te u godinama koje slijede Norveška bira prvu premijerku, Litva predsjednicu te Norveška ponovno premijerku. Iako su te žene vrlo važne za povijest, takvih žena je uvijek bilo malo. Politička participacija žena je puno niža od one muške te su one vrlo podzastupljene. Prema podacima Europskog parlamenta iz 2019. godine, žene su tada na vlasti tek u 21 državi svijeta. Sam broj žena u parlamentima država svijeta je 24,1%, što, iako nizak postotak, i dalje prikazuje porast broja žena u parlamentima na globalnoj razini. U Hrvatskoj, Zakon o ravnopravnosti spolova donesen je 2008. godine. Uz određene dijelove zakona maknute te nadopune iz 2015. godine, Zakon nalaže kako svaka izborna lista u Hrvatskoj mora sadržavati minimalno 40% žena. U suprotnom, stranka plaća novčanu kaznu. Iako ih je puno manje od muškaraca, postoje žene u politici koje su obilježile ili još uvijek obilježavaju politiku svojih država. Od hrvatskih političarki, Jadranka Kosor je prva hrvatska premijerka, dok je Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović prva hrvatska predsjednica. U trenutnom sazivu Sabora Republike Hrvatske, tek je 33,77% žena koje su ondje zastupnice. Od 16 ministarstava hrvatske Vlade, žene su ministri u tek tri ministarstva. Činjenica je kako su žene u hrvatskoj politici podzastupljene, ali su podzastupljene i u medijima. U emisiji Otvoreno, istraživanje ovog rada pokazalo je kako tek 22,39% žena sudjeluje u raspravama o politici, gospodarstvu, zdravstvu i tako dalje, dok muškarci sudjeluju u udjelu od 77,61%. Žene najčešće sudjeluju u raspravama kada su one tema te u raspravama na temu kulture i školstva. Rezultati ovog istraživanja nešto su niži u odnosu na stvarna udjela žena u hrvatskoj politici. The first time in Europe when women demanded their right to vote was after the French Revolution in 1789, but it was not of too great of importance. It was only after the liberal and bourgeois revolution in 1848 that feminist movements were created in France and other countries of Western and Central Europe, which made place for women to manage gaining the right to vote within a few years. In countries that were multinational, such as Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Soviet countries, women only got the right to vote after the First World War and their disintegration. However, a concrete turning point occurred in 1979 when Margaret Thatcher became the first woman in position of British Prime Minister. The very next year, Iceland elects its first female president, and in the following years, Norway elects its first female prime minister, Lithuania elects its first female president, and Norway again elects its second female prime minister. Although these women are very important in history books, such women have always been few and far between. The political participation of women is much lower than that of men, and they are very underrepresented. According to the data of the European Parliament from 2019, women were then in power in only 21 countries in the world. The number of women in the parliaments of the countries of the world is 24.1%, which, although a low percentage, still shows the increase in the number of women in parliaments at the global level. In Croatia, the Law on Gender Equality was adopted in 2008. With certain parts of the law removed and amendments from 2015, the law mandates that every electoral list in Croatia must contain a minimum of 40% of women. Otherwise, the party pays a fine. Although many of the most important politicians are men, there are women in politics who have marked or are still marking the politics of their countries. In Croatia, Jadranka Kosor is the first Croatian Prime Minister, while Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović is the first Croatian President. In the current convocation of the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia, only 33,77% of the representatives are women. Of the 16 ministries in Croatian Government, women are ministers in only three of them. It is a fact that women are underrepresented in Croatian politics, but they are also underrepresented in the media. In the TV show Otvoreno, the research of this paper showed that only 22.39% of women participate in discussions about politics, economy, health and so on, while men participate in a share of 77.61%. Women most often participate in discussions when they are the topic and in discussions on the topic of culture and education. The results of this research are somewhat lower compared to the actual percentage of women in Croatian politics. |
