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Vinarska i vinogradarska proizvodnja uglavnom se temelji se na plemenitim sortama vinove loze (Vitis Vinifera L.). Poznata je činjenica kako je europska (plemenita) loza vrlo osjetljiva na pepelnicu (Erysiphe necator) i niz drugih bolesti. Introdukcija bolesti i štetnika s drugih kontinenata u Europu uzrokovala slom tradicionalnog vinogradarstva. Vinova loza do tada nije bila u direktnom kontaktu s gljivičnim infekcijama i nije imala priliku stvoriti prirodnu otpornost. Rješenje je nađeno u primjeni kemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja, koja se posebice u vinogradarstvu koriste dugi niz godina u prevelikoj mjeri za buduću održivost. Oplemenjivanje, odnosno stvaranje otpornih sorti jedno je od adekvatnih rješenja ovom problemu koje je sve aktualniji. U ovom radu je opisan postupak stratifikacije, naklijavanja, sjetve u modificrane uvjete i na kraju evaluacija otpornosti sjemenjaka dobivenih križanjem AFZ-VV-15 x 'Graševina' na pepelnicu vinove loze. Evaluacija je provedena vizualnom ocjenom stupnja zaraze pojedinačnih biljaka korištenjem deskriptora OIV-455. Prikazani su rezultati istraživanih parametara – klijavost sjemenki, dinamika klijanja i otpornost uzgojenih sjemenjaka. Izdvojeno je šest genotipova s vrlom visokom otpornošću kao materijal za daljnje ispitivanje proizvodnih karakteristika. Prisutnost Ren3 gena zaslužnog za otpornost na pepelnicu potrebno je naknadno dokazati primjenom molekularnih markera. Precizna selekcija otpornih gena markerima i njihovo postupno uvođenje u nove linije sadnog materijala zahtjevnim oplemenjivačkim radom potencijalno je rješenje za smanjenje potrošnje sredstava za zaštitu bilja, uz zadržavanje organoleptičkih karakteristika V. vinifere. Viticulture and wine production are traditionally based on European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). A well-known fact is European grapevines are very sensitive to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and many other diseases. European traditional viticulture and wine production collapsed caused of the introduction of diseases and pests from other continents. The grapevine had no opportunity to develop natural resistance caused by lack of direct contact with fungal infections until then. The solution has been founded on the application of chemical plant protection products. They have been used in viticulture for many years to an excessive extent for future sustainability. Breeding, or the creation of resistant varieties, is one of the adequate solutions to this problem, which is becoming more and more relevant. This thesis describes the procedure of stratification, germination, sowing in modified conditions, and, finally, the evaluation of the powdery mildew resistance of the seedlings obtained by crossing AFZ-VV-15 x 'Graševina'. The evaluation was carried out by visual assessment of the degree of infection on individual plants by using the OIV-455 descriptor. The results are presented divided by investigated parameters – seed germination, germination dynamics, and resistance of the cultivated seeds. Six genotypes with very high resistance were selected as a material for further testing of production characteristics. The presence of the Ren3 gene responsible for resistance to powdery mildew needs to be proven later by using molecular markers. The precise selection of resistant genes with markers and their gradual introduction into new lines of planting through demanding breeding work is a potential solution to reducing the consumption of plant protection agents while maintaining the organoleptic characteristics of V. vinifera. |
