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U ovom radu su objašnjene osnove kako bi se mogao razumjeti princip rada mreža, odnosno Interneta. Kratko su opisana dva modela mrežne infrastrukture na kojima je Internet razvijen: OSI referentni model koji se sastoji od sedam slojeva i TCP/IP model razvijen prema praksi, a temelji se na OSI modelu. Kratko su opisani uređaji bez kojih mrežna komunikacija ne bi bila moguća, a to su preklopnici koji rade na drugom sloju OSI modela i usmjerivači koji rade na trećem sloju te noviji uređaji koji rade i na drugom i trećem sloju paralelno, a to su višeslojni preklopnici. Objašnjen je simulacijski program Packet Tracer koji je napravio Cisco Systems, jedan od glavnih i najvećih proizvođača mrežne opreme. Dizajnirana je i konfigurirana mreža u simulacijskom programu koja povezuje tri lokacije koje imaju potpunu funkcionalnu mrežu u kojoj je svakom uređaju omogućen pristup Internetu. Napravljena je još jedna manja lokalna mreža koja zbog ograničenja opreme nije mogla imati karakteristike mreže u simulacijskom programu te kratka analiza između rada na stvarnoj opremi i u simulacijskom programu. This paper explains the basics of the Internet and network operation. Two models of network infrastructure on the basis of which the Internet was developed have been described: the OSI reference model consisting of seven layers and TCP/IP model which has been developed in practice and it is based on the OSI model. Devices without which network communication would be impossible have also been shortly described. One of these devices are switches that work on the second layer of OSI models, and routers working on the third layer. Also, there are new devices that work on both the second and third layers at the same time. These devices are called multilayer switches. Furthermore, Packet Tracer simulation program has been explained briefly. The program is created by Cisco Systems, one of the major and largest network equipment manufacturers. This network is designed and configured in a simulation program that connects three locations that have a completely functional network where each device can access the Internet. Another smaller local network was created which, due to the limitations of the equipment, could not operate at the same level as in the simulation program. Finally, a short analysis between the network on the actual equipment and in the simulation program has been made. |
