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Popisivanje morske faune nuţna je pretpostavka za uspješno planiranje zaštite i gospodarenja u zaštićenim područjima u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora. Tek se u posljednjih desetak godina sustavno istraţuje fauna koralja u sjevernom Jadranu, s posebnim naglaskom na zaštićena područja. Biološka raznolikost Jadranskog mora sve je ugroţenija, kako onečišćenjem gradskim i industrijskim otpadnim vodama, tako i neracionalnim iskorištavanjem bioloških dobara. U zaštićenim područjima je ţivi svijet i njegova raznolikost manje ugroţena nego na drugim područjima, meĎutim globalno zagrijavanje i anomalije u temperaturama mora, te antropogeni utjecaji ne zaobilaze niti zaštićena područja. Terenski dio istraţivanja proveo se na ukupno na 12 postaja unutar zaštićenih područja Istarske ţupanije (Nacionalni park Brijuni, Javna ustanova Kamenjak). Ukupno je na istraţivanim postajama NP Brijuni i JU Kamenjak utvrĎeno 25 vrsta koralja, što je 21,6% vrsta utvrĎenih za Jadransko more. Najviše vrsta koralja utvrĎeno je na postajama Peneda (21 vrsta), Vrsar (21 vrsta) i Grunj (17 vrsta) u NP Brijuni, te na postajama Porer (svih 25 vrsta), Fenoliga (21 vrsta) i Franina (17 vrsta) u JU Kamenjak. Vrste koralja koje su zabiljeţene na svim postajama jesu: Actinia equina, Anemonia viridis, Balanophyllia europaea, Cereus pedunculatus i Cladocora caespitosa. S obzirom na ukupne utvrĎene vrste koralja najsličnije postaje su Peneda, Porer, Fenoliga i Vrsar. Najočitije negativne promjene uslijed utjecaja povišene temperature mora utvrĎene su kod populacija koralja vrste Parazoanthus axinellae, Cladocora caespitosa, Balanophyllia europaea i Leptopsammia pruvoti. Tijekom istraţivanja koralja u NP Brijuni i JU Kamenjak utvrĎeno je i intenzivno širenje invazivne alge Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder na svim postajama, koja uz utvrĎeni mukus alge Acinetospora crinita prekriva morsko dno i šteti sesilnim vrstama poput koralja. Na istraţivanim postajama nisu utvrĎene ribarske mreţe i ostali ribarski alati. Zaštićena područja opravdavaju svoju svrhu, što je vidljivo i u dobivenim rezultatima ovog rada The inventory of marine fauna is a necessary precondition for successful planning of protection and management in protected areas in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. Only in the last ten years has coral fauna been systematically explored in the northern Adriatic, with special emphasis on protected areas. The biological diversity of the Adriatic Sea is increasingly endangered, both by pollution from urban and industrial wastewater, and by the irrational use of biological assets. In protected areas, wildlife and its diversity are less endangered than in other areas, however, global warming and anomalies in sea temperatures, and anthropogenic impacts do not bypass protected areas either. The field part of the research was conducted at a total of 12 stations within the protected areas of the Istrian County (Brijuni National Park, Public Institution Kamenjak). A total of 25 coral species were identified at the investigated stations Brijuni National Park and Kamenjak Public Institution, which is 21.6% of the species identified for the Adriatic Sea. Most coral species were found at the stations Peneda (21 species), Vrsar (21 species) and Grunj (17 species) in NP Brijuni, and at the stations Porer (all 25 species), Fenoliga (21 species) and Franina (17 species) JU Kamenjak. The coral species recorded at all stations are: Actinia equina, Anemonia viridis, Balanophyllia europaea, Cereus pedunculatus and Cladocora caespitosa. Considering the total identified coral species, the most similar stations are Peneda, Porer, Fenoliga and Vrsar. The most obvious negative changes due to the influence of high sea temperature were found in populations of corals of the species Parazoanthus axinellae, Cladocora caespitosa, Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti. During the research of corals in NP Brijuni and JU Kamenjak, intensive spread of invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder was found at all stations, which with the established mucus of alga Acinetospora crinita covers the seabed and damages sessile species such as coral. No fishing nets and other fishing tools were found at the investigated stations. Protected areas justify their purpose, which is evident in the results of this work. |
