| Popis: |
Glukozinolati su sumporom bogati specijalizirani biljni metaboliti zastupljeni u brojnim vrstama reda Capparales, gdje spadaju i prehrambeno značajne vrste porodice Brassicaceae (kupusnjače). Osnovna uloga glukozinolata u biljnom tkivu je obrana od herbivora i patogena. Glukozinolati su inertni sve dok ne dođu u kontakt s enzimom mirozinaza prilikom oštećenja tkiva. Mirozinaza hidrolizira glukozinolate u niz bioaktivnih, toksičnih produkata oporog okusa. Osim kod biotičkog stresa uzrokovanog djelovanjem biljojeda i patogena, glukozinolati sudjeluju i u regulaciji odgovora biljke na abiotičke stresore. Brojna istraživanja dokazala su pozitivan učinak redovitog konzumiranja kupusnjača na ljudsko zdravlje i neki produkti hidrolize glukozinolata posjeduju antikancerogena i protuupalna svojstva. Osim pozitivnog djelovanja na ljudsko zdravlje, pojedini glukozinolati i njihovi produkti razgradnje mogu imati i antinutritivna svojstva. Opisane su i bakterijske mirozinaze koje hidroliziraju glukozinolate u probavnom traktu sisavaca. Kuhanje i drugi procesi obrade biljaka, značajno utječu na bioraspoloživost glukozinolata. S obzirom na njihova ljekovita svojstva, istražuju se novi načini pohrane i obrade biljnog materijala kako bi se spriječio gubitak glukozinolata i maksimizirala bioraspoloživost. Brojna istraživanja posvećena su proučavaju različitih glukozinolata i njihovih produkata hidrolize u svrhu razvoja novih terapeutika. Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich specialized plant metabolites found in the order Brassicales. Glucosinolates play an important role in plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. Upon tissue damage, glucosinolates come into contact with enzyme myrosinase and are hydrolyzed to a variety of bioactive, toxic products of bitter taste. Glucosinolates also play an important role in regulating plant response to abiotic stress. Plenty of research shows that regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables has a positive impact on overall human health. Some products of glucosinolate degradation show anti inflammatory and anticancerogenic properties. There are also reports of antinutritive properties in some glucosinolate derivatives that can lead to a number of metabolic disorders. Other than plant myrosinase, bacterial myrosinases have also been described. Gut microbiota has an important role in glucosinolate hydrolysis in mammalian digestive system. Cooking and other forms of plant tissue processing have a huge impact on glucosinolate availability. Considering the medicinal properties of glucosinolates, there is a lot of effort given in optimizing the existing and finding new methods of storing and processing of vegetables to maximize the bioavailability. Much research is focused in developing new therapeutics based on glucosinolates or their derivatives to fight diseases. |
