| Popis: |
Introduction: Insomnia is a sleeping disorder which is usually interpreted from a behavioral perspective, with a focus on cognitive and/or somatic arousal. Research suggests, however, that a third arousal component might be in play, explaining why approximately 20% of this population does not respond well enough to standard non-pharmacological treatment. Cortical arousal, reflected by heightened EEG frequencies during the sleep onset period and sleep, might interfere with normal sleep processes. Method: 16 insomnia patients (7 female, 9 men) were randomly assigned to either a sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) tele- neurofeedback (n=8) or an electromyography (EMG) tele-biofeedback (n=8) protocol. Two patients (biofeedback protocol) dropped out just before the start of the training. The sessions were performed from the patient's homes through a secure internet connection. The neurofeedback protocol consisted of the inhibition of theta (4-8Hz) and beta (20-30Hz) EEG activity, as well as the reinforcement of SMR (12-15Hz) all at Cz. The biofeedback protocol was an EMG inhibitor with electrodes placed at Fpz. A polysomnography was performed pre and posttreatment. Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep efficiency (SE) were our primary outcome variables. Results: A significant decrease in SOL pre to post treatment in both groups (F=6,46; p.Conclusions: Both neurofeedback and biofeedback seem promising applications for sleep onset problems. However, when an increase in TST is wanted, only the SMR neurofeedback protocol showed good results in this study. |
