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This article analyses the role of the UN with respect to the codification and progressive development of the law of sea. This process culminated in 1982 with the adoption of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which entered into force in 1994, and two related agreements; namely, on Part XI and the UN fish stocks agreement. The convention regulates the entire ocean space, the use of living and non-living natural resources of the sea, navigation, protection of the marine environment against pollution, marine scientific research, and settlement of disputes regarding its interpretation and use. On the basis of the convention, new international entities have been created, such as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Seabed Authority, and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Although these bodies are independent and administered by the parties, they are closely intertwined with the UN. Thus, the UN plays a key role in managing and supervising the uses of the world oceans, including coordinating actions against piracy. However, the UN is less present, or almost not present at all, in some areas such as the South and East China Sea, the Arctic Ocean, and recently also the Mediterranean Sea with respect to solving the migrant crisis. Članek proučuje vlogo Organizacije združenih narodov (OZN) pri kodifikaciji in progresivnem razvoju prava morja. Ta postopek je dosegel svoj vrh leta 1982 s sprejetjem Konvencije OZN za pomorsko mednarodno pravo (UNCLOS), ki je začela veljati leta 1994, in dveh povezanih sporazumov, o XI. poglavju in Sporazuma OZN o ribjih staležih. Konvencija ureja celoten morski prostor, uporabo živih in neživih naravnih bogastev morja, plovbo, varstvo morskega okolja pred onesnaženjem, znanstveno raziskovanje morja in reševanje sporov glede njene razlage in uporabe. Na temelju Konvencije so bile ustanovljene mednarodne ustanove kot so Mednarodno sodišče za pravo morja, Mednarodna oblast za morsko dno in Komisija za meje epikontinentalnega pasu. Čeprav so ta telesa neodvisna in z njimi upravljajo pogodbenice, so tesno povezana z OZN. Tako OZN igra ključno vlogo pri upravljanju in nadzorovanju uporab svetovnih oceanov, vključno s koordinacijo dejavnosti proti piratstvu. Je pa OZN manj prisoten ali ga praktično ni na nekaterih območjih kot so Južno in Vzhodnokitajsko morje, Arktični ocean in v zadnjem času tudi Sredozemsko morje v pogledu reševanja begunske krize. |
