| Popis: |
Introduction: Vulvar carcinoma is a rare disease with an incidence rate of only 4 % of all female genital neoplasms. It is prevalent in women over 50 years of age. The most common histological type of vulvar cancer is planocellular carcinoma. Its aetiology is unknown and affects primarily older,overweight, nulliparous women with early menopause, smokers and promiscuous women as well as those suffering from chronic vulvitis. Aim: The research was designed to determine the level of knowledge of the vulvar cancer, its risk factors and early symptoms along with the percentage of women performing vulvar self-inspection. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and used for the given purpose. Included in the study were 60 women visiting the gynaecological out-patient centre at Šlajmerjeva 2, Ljubljana in January and February, 2008. Results: Most of the respondents belonged to 31-50 years of age group, 72 % of whom had graduated from high school. The majority of the interviewees had heard of the risk factors for developing the disease but their knowledge of these factors, however, was insufficient. 45 % of the women were not aware that smoking is also one of the risk factors. The information about vulvar cancer was obtained through the media (27 %), or provided by their gynaecologist (17 %) and nurses (only 9 %). 62 % of the women perform vulvar self-examination, 17 % on a monthly basis and the rest only occasionally, 30 % using a mirror. Discussion and conclusion: Results ofthe study show that the knowledge on vulvar self-examination is inadequate and that women need more information about the vulvar cancer, its risk factors and the significance of regular self-examination of the vulva, using a mirror. Izhodišča: Rak zunanjega spolovila je redka bolezen, saj šteje le 4 % vseh rakov rodil. Najpogosteje zbolevajo ženske po 50. letu starosti. V histološkemtipu pojavnosti prevladuje ploščatocelični karcinom. Vzrok bolezni je neznan, najpogosteje se pojavlja pri starejših ženskah s preveliko telesno težo, z zgodnjo menopavzo, s kroničnimi vnetji zunanjega spolovila, pri ženskah, ki niso rodile, ki kadijo, ki imajo več spolnih partnerjev. Namen: Zraziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, koliko so ženske informirane o raku zunanjegaspolovila, o dejavnikih tveganja za nastanek te bolezni, koliko poznajo zgodnje simptome in ali si pregledujejo zunanje spolovilo. Metode: Izvedena je bila raziskava s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 60 žensk v ginekoloških ambulantah na Šlajmarjevi 2 v Ljubljani januarja in februarja 2008. Rezultati: Največ anketirank je bilo starosti 31-50 let, 72 % jih je imelo srednješolsko izobrazbo. 75 % anketiranih žensk je že slišalo za dejavnike tveganja za nastanek raka zunanjega spolovila, todanjihovo poznavanje dejavnikov tveganja je precej pomanjkljivo. 45 % anketirank ne ve, da je kajenje dejavnik tveganja za nastanek raka zunanjega spolovila. Največ informacij o dejavnikih tveganja so dobile preko medijev (27%), od ginekologa (17 %) in samo v 9 % od medicinske sestre. 62 % anketiranih žensk si pregleduje zunanje spolovilo, toda samo 17 % jih to počneredno vsak mesec, 46 % občasno. 30 % anketiranih žensk pri pregledu uporablja ogledalo. Diskusija in zaključki: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je seznanjenost anketiranih žensk s samopregledovanjem zunanjega spolovila pomanjkljiva, da potrebujejo dodatne informacije o raku zunanjega spolovila in o dejavnikih tveganja ter o pomenu rednega samopregledovanja z uporabo ogledala. |
