| Autor: |
Durdina, Lukas, Edebeli, Jacinta, Spirig, Curdin, Roth, Manuel, Anet, Julien, Brem, Benjamin, Elser, Miriam, Schönenberger, David |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
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| Popis: |
Estimating particle emissions of commercial aviation is a challenging task, starting with the quality and amount of emissions data available. The only standardized source of emissions data is the ICAO emissions databank of certified large commercial jet engines. Until 2020, engines were not certified for particle emissions. Non-volatile PM (nvPM) mass and number emissions of older engine types have been estimated using the smoke number. The introduction of the nvPM standard has provided state-of-the-art data. However, there are still many uncertainties and variability sources, such as fuel composition, exhaust sampling, ambient conditions, and engine age. Engines used for certification measurements are mostly newly manufactured ones. As engines age, their nvPM emissions performance may worsen. It is also unclear whether an engine overhaul restores the emissions performance to the level of a new engine. Since 2012, the Swiss reference nvPM system SMARTEMIS (Swiss Mobile Aircraft Emissions Measurement System) has been used in the test cell of SR Technics at Zurich airport to sample and characterize emissions of several types of commercial aircraft turbofan engines. Over 100 engines after a repair or overhaul have been measured to date, providing invaluable data for investigating the emissions variability and developing corrections. This contribution shows that nvPM emissions from jet engines may vary strongly between engines of the same type and they tend to be higher than predicted from certification smoke number or nvPM data. The results will inform future regulatory development and estimations of aviation's local air quality and climate impacts. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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