| Popis: |
Samo otkriće uzročnika tuberkuloze Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1882. godine bilo je jedno od najvažnijih otkrića u povijesti medicine, osobito u grani bakteriologiji. Obzirom da uzročnika tuberkuloze nije bilo moguće liječiti, postojali su mnogi pokušaji da se tuberkuloznim bolesnicima pomogne. Robert Koch je otkrio 1890. godine tuberkulin, koji se nije zadržao kao lijek, ali je postao dijagnostičko sredstvo. Albert Calmette i njegov suradnik Camille Guérin uspjeli su razviti BCG (Bacillus Calmette- Guérin) cjepivo protiv tuberkuloze koje je 1921. godine prvi put primijenjeno u bolnici u Parizu. Cilj ovog istraživačkog rada jest istražiti kliničke i epidemiološke karakteristike hospitaliziranih bolesnika oboljelih od tuberkuloze u službi za plućne bolesti i TBC Klenovnik; na odjelu za pulmologiju i rezistentni TBC, u razdoblju od 2018 – 2023. godine završno sa mjesecom veljačom. Podatke koje smo analizirali jesu ukupan broj hospitaliziranih bolesnika u periodu od 5 godina; kao i njihova distribucija s obzirom na spol, dob, mjesto stanovanja županija; je li osoba ranije obolijevala od TBC-a te je li bivala hospitalizirana; duljina same hospitalizacije te kliničke karakteristike vezane uz provedene dijagnostičke pretrage i korištenu terapiju. Broj hospitalizacija u službi za plućne bolesti i TBC Klenovnik na odjelu za pulmologiju i rezistentni TBC da je najveći broj hospitaliziranih bolesnika bio 2018. godine, te najmanje u 2023. godini zaključno sa mjesecom veljačom. Nadalje najveći broj hospitaliziranih bolesnika s obzirom na spol bio je muškog roda. Te najveći broj hospitaliziranih bolesnika bio je u starosti od 51 do 60. godine života. Prema mjestu stanovanja najveći broj hospitaliziranih dolazi iz urbanih mjesta. Većem broju hospitaliziranih bolesnika je bila to prva hospitalizacija u odnosu na recidive. Od COVID – 19 nemamo ni jednog oboljelog bolesnika koji je bio hospitaliziran na odjelu za pulmologiju i rezistentni TBC u periodu od ožujka 2020. te tijekom 2021. i 2022. godine. Duljina same hospitalizacije biva od 31 do 60 dana. Najzastupljenije dijagnostičke pretrage u periodu od 5 godina jesu analiza plinova u krvi, kao pokazatelj zasićenosti kisika u krvi; bronhoskopija kao važna pretraga za inspekciju i dijagnostiku bolesti dišnih puteva. Nadalje su tu EKG, primjena oksigene terapije, krvna slika, RTG prsnog koša te pregled na mikobakterije – identifikacija M. tuberculosis. Kao važan sastav svakog liječenja tuberkuloze pluća jest savjetovanje ili poučavanje o prehrani/ dnevnom unosu hrane, te savjetovanje/ poučavanje o propisanim medikamentima koje ustanova provodi za što bolje i kvalitetnije liječenje same tuberkuloze pluća. The very discovery of the causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 1882 was one of the most important discoveries in the history of medicine, especially in the branch of bacteriology. Since it was obvious that the causative agent of tuberculosis could not be treated, there were many attempts to help tuberculosis patients. Robert Koch discovered tuberculin in 1890, which did not survive as a medicine, but became a diagnostic tool. Albert Calmette and his associate Camille Guérin succeeded in developing the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine against tuberculosis, which was first used in a hospital in Paris in 1921. The aim of this research work is to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with tuberculosis in the service for pulmonary diseases and TB Klenovnik; at the department of pulmonology and resistant TB, in the period from 2018 to 2023, ends with the month of February. The data we analyzed is the total number of hospitalized patients in a period of 5 years; as well as their distribution with regard to gender, age, county residence; whether the person previously suffered from TB and was hospitalized; the length of the hospitalization itself and the clinical characteristics related to the diagnostic tests performed and the therapy used. The number of hospitalizations in the service for lung diseases and TB Klenovnik in the department of pulmonology and resistant TB that the largest number of hospitalized patients was in 2018, and the least in 2023, ending with the month of February. Furthermore, the largest number of hospitalized patients in terms of gender was male. And the largest number of hospitalized patients was between the ages of 51 and 60. According to the place of residence, the largest number of hospitalized people comes from urban areas. For more hospitalized patients, it was the first hospitalization in relation to relapses. We do not have a single sick patient from COVID-19 who was hospitalized in the department for pulmonology and resistant TB in the period from March 2020 and during 2021 and 2022. The length of the hospitalization itself is from 31 to 60 days. The most common diagnostic tests in a period of 5 years are blood gas analysis, as an indicator of blood oxygen saturation; bronchoscopy as an important test for the inspection and diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, there is an ECG, application of oxygen therapy, blood count, X-ray of the chest and an examination for mycobacteria - identification of M. tuberculosis. An important part of any treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis is counseling or teaching about nutrition/daily food intake, and counseling/teaching about prescribed medications that the institution carries out for the best and highest quality treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis itself. |
