| Popis: |
Rak dojke najčešći je rak kod žena, a incidencija i mortalitet u Republici Hrvatskoj znatno su viši od europskog standarda. Na rak dojke ovise mnogi rizični čimbenici, promjenjivi kao što su pušenje, tjelesna aktivnost, prehrana, alkohol, odgađanje rađanja i nepromjenjivi kao npr. genetika, rana menstruacija i kasna menopauza, starija životna dob. Provođenjem samopregleda jednom mjesečno, rak dojke može se otkriti u ranoj fazi. Iako je samopregled jednostavna, bezbolna i besplatna metoda pregleda dojke, mnoge žene ga ne znaju obaviti ili ga uopće ne rade. Nacionalni program ranog otkrivanja raka dojke uključuje sve žene u dobi od 50 do 69 godina, a pregled se obavlja mamografijom svake dvije godine. Cilj programa je smanjenje smrtnosti od raka dojke, otkrivanje raka u ranoj fazi te poboljšati kvalitetu života ženama oboljelim od raka dojke. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anketnog upitnika kojeg su ispunjavale članice udruge „Narcisa“ Ludbreg. Istraživanje je bilo anonimno i dobrovoljo. Cilj istraživanja je ispitati osviještenost članica udruge „Narcisa“ Ludbreg o rizičnim čimbenicima i preventivnim mjerama raka dojke. U istraživanju su sudjelovale 66 ispitanice. Najviše ispitanica bilo je u dobi od 18 do 40 godina. Od raka dojke oboljelo je 5 ispitanica, dok je 41 ispitanica navela da poznaje osobu koja je oboljela od raka. Sve ispitanice navele su da je samopregled dojki važan u prevenciji, a samo 13 ispitanica samopregled obavlja redovito, a 42 ispitanice ponekad, dok 5 ispitanica ne zna napraviti samopregled dojke. Kod samopregleda najčešće pažnju posvećuju bezbolnom čvoriću u dojci. Većina njih, 47 ispitanica je upoznata s Nacionalnim programom ranog otkrivanja raka dojke, a samo 10 njih se redovito odaziva na program, dok se 26 ispitanica nije nikad odazvalo, ali bi željelo. Posljednje pitanje odnosilo se na rizične čimbenike. Bili su ponuđeni rizični čimbenici i ispitanice su trebale staviti dali smatraju da određeni čimbenik nema utjecaj na rak dojke, smanjuje ili povećava rizik od oboljenja. Većina ispitanica stavile je da pretilost, starija životna dob, genetika povećavaju rizik za oboljenja od raka dojke, a čimbenici koji smanjuju rizik od oboljenja su mlađa životna dob, učestali samopregledi. Ispitanice su stavile da čitanje raznih članaka na Internetu o raku dojke i veličina grudi nema utjecaj na rak dojke. Statistički su potvrđene hipoteze da članice udruge „Narcisa“ smatraju da je samopregled važan u prevenciji raka dojke, da su upoznate s Nacionalnim programom ranog otkrivanja raka dojke i prepoznaju rizične čimbenike koji povećavaju rizik od oboljenja od raka dojke. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The incedence and mortality in the Republic of Croatia is significantly higher than the European standard. Many risk factors depend on breast cancer, variables such as smoking, physical activity, nutrition, alcohol, delaying birth and invariable such as, for example, genetics, early menstruation and late menopause, older age. Breast cancer can be detected at an early stage performing a self-examination once a month. Although self-examination is simple, painless and free method of breast examination but many women do not know how to do it or they don't do it at all. The National Early Breast Cancer Program includes all women aged from 50 to 69 years and it is screened with mammography every two years. Aim of the program is to reduce breast cancer mortality, detect early stage cancer and to improve the quality of life for women with breast cancer. The research is conducted through a questionnaire completed by women in the association „Narcisa“ in Ludbreg. The research was anonymous and voluntary. The aim of the study is to examine the awerness of women at the association „Narcisa“ Ludbreg about the risk factors and preventive measures of breast cancer. 66 respondents participated in the research. Most respondents were between 18 and 40 years old. Breast cancer was affected by 5 women while 41 women said they knew a person with a breast cancer. All respondents indicated that breast self-examination is important in prevention, where only 13 women performe a self-examionations on regular basis, 42 women rarely, while 5 of them do not know how to do it. In self-examination, they usually pay attention to the painless nodule in the breast. Most of them, 47 respondents, were familliar with the National Breast Cancer Early Detection Program and only 10 of them responded regularly to the program, while 26 respondants never responded but they would. The last question was concerned about the risk factors. Risk factors were offered and respondants were asked if they consider that a particular factor had no effect on breast cancer or does it reduce or increase the risk of disease. Most respondants said that obesity, older age and genetics increase the risk of breast cancer, and factors that reduce the risk of disease are younger lifetime and frequent self-examinations. Respondents said that reading various articles on the Internet about breast cancer and breast size had no effect on breast cancer. The hypotheses are confirmed that members considered self-examination important in breast cancer prevention, that they were aware of the National Breast Cancer Early Detection Program, and recognize the risk factors increase the risk of breast cancer. |
