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Prema definiciji Međunarodnog udruženja za proučavanje boli, „bol je neugodan osjetni i emocionalni doživljaj povezan s oštećenjem tkiva ili opisan u smislu tog oštećenja“. U današnje se vrijeme najčešće koristimo farmakološkim metodama za liječenje boli, no vrlo dobro djelovanje na bol imaju i nefarmakološke metode tretiranja boli. Bol još uvijek nije dovoljno istražen problem, iako postoji napredak u zdravstvenom području. Važno je da medicinska sestra ima razumijevanja za psihički oboljele osobe kada navode ili pokazuju da ih boli te prvenstveno da im vjeruje. Kako bi pružila učinkovitu sestrinsku skrb, medicinska sestra na temelju procjene boli kod psihijatrijskih bolesnika i svog znanja o boli planira sestrinske intervencije te u suradnji s pacijentom odabire i primjenjuje postupke za ublažavanje boli. U pojedinim slučajima bol može biti uzrok pogoršanja simptoma psihijatrijske bolesti. U ovom radu definirat će se pojam boli uz prikaz njegove povezanosti s pojedinim psihijatrijskim bolestima te će se također prikazati najčešće korištene nefarmakološke metode tretiranja boli primjenjive u radu s bolesnicima koji boluju od psihijatrijskih bolesti. Takav pristup može poboljšati kvalitetu života psihijatrijskog bolesnika te smanjiti stres, osjećaj bespomoćnosti i napetosti kao i negativne posljedice boli. According to a definition by the International Association for the Study of Pain, "pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage or described in terms of that damage." Nowadays, pharmacological methods are most often used to treat pain, but non-pharmacological methods of treating pain also have a very good effect on pain. Pain is still not sufficiently researched, although there is progress in the field of health. For the nurse it is important that she has an understanding for mentally ill people when they state or show that they are in pain. It is also very important for her to trust them. In order to provide effective nursing care, the nurse plans nursing interventions based on the assessment of pain in psychiatric patients and her knowledge of pain. In cooperation with the patient, she selects and applies pain relief procedures. In some cases, pain can be the cause of deterioration of the symptoms of psychiatric illness. This paper will define the concept of pain by showing its association with certain psychiatric diseases. It will also present the most used non-pharmacological methods of pain treatment applicable in working with patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. Such an approach can improve the quality of life of the psychiatric patient and reduce stress, feelings of helplessness and tension as well as the negative consequences of pain. |
