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Trauma dentoalveolarnog područja može rezultirati lomom, promjenom fiziološkog anatomskog položaja ili potpunim gubitkom određenog zuba, lomom alveolarnog nastavka i okolne kosti te razderotinama i nagnječenjima okolnog mekog tkiva. Porastom incidencije te utjecajem na kvalitetu života pacijenata, traume usne šupljine predstavljaju sve veći javnozdravstveni problem. Ozljede zuba mogu nastati kao posljedica pada i udarca o tvrdu površinu, kao posljedica sportskih aktivnosti, kao ozljeda u prometnoj nezgodi, ali i uslijed fizičkog zlostavljanja, na što treba obratiti posebnu pozornost. Na temelju posljednjih smjernica International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) i brojnih stručnih radova, u ovom diplomskom radu opisani su dijagnostički i suvremeni terapijski postupci kod zbrinjavanja ozljeda usne šupljine. Standardizirana dokumentacija, detaljna anamneza, klinički pregled te rendgenska analiza od velike su važnosti u postavljanju točne dijagnoze i provođenja određenog terapijskog postupka. Terapijski pristup ovisi o vrsti ozljede, odnosno pravilno postavljenoj dijagnozi. Razvoj suvremenih dijagnostičkih postupaka kao što je kompjuterizirana tomografija te primjena ozona i hladne atmosferske plazme uz primjenu vlaknima ojačanih kompozitnih materijala uvelike je povećala uspješnost restaurativnog terapijskog postupka u zbrinjavanju trauma. Uz odgovarajuće znanje i kontinuiranu edukaciju stomatologa u ovom području, značajnu ulogu u cijeljenju trauma ima i sam pacijent. Pridržavanjem smjernica, dobivenih od nadležnog stomatologa, može bitno utjecati na ishod terapije. Trauma to the dentoalveolar area can result in a fracture, change in physiological anatomical position or complete loss of a particular tooth, a fracture of the alveolar process and surrounding bone as well as lacerations and concussion of the surrounding soft tissue. With the increase of its incidence and the impact it has on the quality of life of the patient, trauma to the oral cavity is an increasing public health problem. Tooth injuries can occur as a result of a patient falling and hitting a hard surface, as a result of sports activities, as an injury sustained in a car accident, but also as a result of physical abuse, to which special attention should be paid. Based on the latest guidelines from the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and numerous professional papers, this thesis describes diagnostic and modern therapeutic procedures in the management of oral injuries. Standardized documentation, detailed anamnesis, clinical examination and X-ray analysis are of great importance when it comes to making an accurate diagnosis and carrying out a specific therapeutic procedure. The therapeutic approach depends on the type of injury, i.e. on the correctly made diagnosis. The development of modern diagnostic procedures, such as computed tomography and the use of ozone and cold atmospheric plasma as well as the use of fibre-reinforced composite materials, has greatly increased the effectiveness of the restorative therapeutic procedure in the management of trauma. In addition to adequate knowledge and continuous education of dentists in this area, patients themselves have a significant role in the healing of a trauma. Adherence to the guidelines obtained from a competent dentist can significantly affect the outcome of the therapy. |
