| Autor: |
Blomme, Guy, Pillay, M., Viljoen, Altus, Jones, D., De Langhe, Edmond, Price, N., Gold, C., Geering, A., Ploetz, Randy, Karamura, Deborah, Tinzaara, W., Teycheney, Pierre-Yves, Karamura, Eldad, Lepoint, P., Buddenhagen, I.W. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2011 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
ISHS/ProMusa Symposium Bananas and plantains : toward sustainable global production and improved uses, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 10-14 October 2011 : Abstracts |
| Popis: |
Bananas are not native to Africa. They evolved in tropical Asia, from Southwest India eastward to New Guinea. There is growing circumstantial evidence which suggests that the East African Highland banana (EAHB) and the tropical lowland plantain were cultivated on the African continent since before AD ^. It is likely that Arabian traders (from 600 AD) brought ABB, AB and dessert AAB bananas from India to the continent and that these were slowly diffused in East Africa. The main centres of diffusion, for bananas introduced in colonial times, were botanical gardens (e.g. Zanzibar, Zomba in Malawi, Entebbe in Uganda and Amani in Tanzania). It appears that the very early introductions of EAHB and plantain arrived in Africa without many of the major pests and pathogens affecting them in Asia, at least those that cause conspicuous damage and for which recent records on the continent exist. A wide range of Musa pests (nematodes and weevils) and diseases (banana bunchy top, banana streak, fungal leaf spot diseases, Xanthomonas wilt and Fusarium wilt) currently threaten banana/plantain cultivation across the African continent with severe implications for smallscale banana farmers. Examples of introductions with planting material are numerous, highlighting the need to implement strict quarantine measures. For example, the first reports of Fusarium wilt in East Africa were apparently associated with workers returning to the region from Mauritius after World War II. In addition, the banana weevil was most likely introduced in Uganda around 1908 with imported banana plants, which had been established in the Botanic Gardens at Entebbe. This paper (i) gives a chronological overview of first reported observations of a Musa pest or disease in Africa; (ii) highlights specific examples where a pest or disease was introduced with planting materials; and (iii) gives recent examples of how a pest or disease spread to a new region though infested or infected planting materials. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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