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HE Moste je naša edina akumulacijska elektrarna in ima zato pomembno vlogo v elektroenergetskem sistemu Slovenije. V preteklosti se je pojavila potreba po nadgradnji HE Moste v obliki povečanja moči, sočasno s tem pa tudi potrebe po izravnalnih ukrepih za zmanjšanje neugodnih vplivov v strugi nizvodno. Projekt nadgradnje zaradi najrazličnejših vzrokov ni bil zaključen. V magistrskem delu smo preučili možnost optimizacije energetske proizvodnje HE Moste z upoštevanjem vseh ukrepov, ki so bili predvideni v projektu nadgradnje. Zasnovali smo matematični model in izdelali program v računalniškem okolju MATLAB, s pomočjo katerega smo izvedli simulacije obratovanja. Pri preračunu možne proizvodnje smo privzeli vhodne podatke na podlagi obratovalnih dnevnikov HE Moste za obdobje med letoma 1980 in 2020. Za pridobljene podatke o pretokih smo opravili hidrološko analizo in opredelili karakteristične hidrološke parametre, na podlagi katerih smo določili obratovalne scenarije. Srednji dotok v akumulacijo Moste znaša 13 m3/s. Faktor inštaliranosti je večkratnik srednjega pretoka. V tem magistrskem delu smo obravnavali faktorje med dva in pet. Pri določitvi energetskih parametrov smo upoštevali, da elektrarna obratuje s tedensko izravnavo pretokov in z izravnalnim bazenom z možnostjo dnevne oz. tedenske izravnave pretokov. Z računskim modelom smo izvedli simulacijo obratovanja nadgrajene HE Moste v realnih razmerah in ugotovili, da je glede na vlogo elektrarne v sistemu vsaka njena nadgradnja smiselna in upravičljiva, predvsem z vidika zagotavljanja sistemskih storitev (vršno obratovanje, zagotavljanje moči in frekvence), ob tem pa tudi z naravovarstvenega vidika zaradi omilitve negativnih obratovalnih vplivov nizvodno. HPP Moste is our only storage power plant and therefore plays an important role in the Slovenian electricity system. In the past, a need to upgrade the HPP Moste occurred in the form of an increasing its capacity. This had to be accompanied by compensatory measures in order to reduce negative impacts of the upgrade. It has not been completed for a variety of reasons. In the master's thesis, we examined the possibility of optimizing the energy production of HPP Moste by taking into account all the measures foreseen. We designed a mathematical model in MATLAB, which was used for performing operating simulations. To calculate the possible production, we used the input data based on the operating logs of HPP Moste for the period between 1980 and 2020. With obtained flow data, we performed hydrological analysis and defined characteristic hydrological parameters, based on which we determined operating scenarios. Production was analyzed for specified flows between 26 and 65 m3/s, which represents an installation factor between two and five. In determining the energy parameters, we took into account that the power plant operates with weekly balancing of flows and a balancing pool with the possibility of daily or weekly flow balancing. With the model, we performed a simulation of the operation of the upgraded power plant in realistic conditions. We found out that, given the role of the power plant in the system, each upgrade is meaningful and justified, especially in terms of providing system services. |
