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Cepljenje navadnih kumar (Cucumis sativum L.) predstavlja pomembno tehnologijo za pridelovalce, saj se lahko s tem izognejo težavam pri pridelovanju. Pri gojenju navadnih kumar preko cepljenih sadik se mora pridelovalec odločiti za prave podlage in način cepljenja, saj bo le tako pridelava uspešna. Razlogi za cepljenje kumar so toleranca na talne bolezni, kar zagotavlja cenejšo in prilagodljivejšo rešitev od žlahtnjenja novih sort ali pa uporabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev. Z uporabo pravih podlag se lahko izognemo fuzarijski uvelosti, ki največkrat povzroča težave pridelovalcem, gnitju korenin in nematodam, lahko pa z njimi omilimo abiotki stres, ki ga povzročajo onesnaženost tal, nizke temperature, suša in slanost tal. Za vse stresne situacije že imamo mnogo preizkušenih podlag, ki lahko ne le vplivajo na tolerantnost, ampak tudi povečajo pridelek in vplivajo na njegovo kvaliteto. Podlaga z največ pozitivnimi lastnosti je medvrstni križanec C. maxima × C. moschata, ki je zelo odporna na Fusarium oxysporum, nizke temperature, slanost tal, vendar dovzetna za napad talnih ogorčic (Meloidogyne incognita). Z leti raziskav na področju cepljenih sadik kumar je tehnologija že tako napredovala, da bo čedalje bolj dostopna za pridelovalce v Sloveniji, posledično pa bodo pridelovalci tako lahko izkoristili ugoden potencial za gojenje na naši geografski legi. Grafting of cucumber (Cucumis sativum L.) is an important technique for growers as it helps to avoid problems in cultivation. When growing cucumbers through grafted seedlings, the grower must choose the right rootstock and grafting method, because only then can the grafting be successful. The reasons for grafting cucumbers are to increase tolerance to soil diseases and the fact that it is a cheaper and more flexible solution than breeding new varieties or using pesticides. By using the right rootstocks, we can avoid infestation with Fusarium wilt, root rot and nematodes. They can also have alleviate abiotic stresses such as soil pollution, low temperatures, drought and salinity. Many rootstocks have already been tested for all kinds of situations, not only affecting tolerances but also increasing yield and influencing quality. The rootstock with the most positive characteristics is the interspecific hybrid C. maxima × C. moschata, which is very resistant to Fusarium oxysporum, low temperatures and soil salinity, but susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita. Through years of research in the field of grafted cucumber seedlings, the technology has advanced to the point where it is becoming increasingly accessible to growers in Slovenia and growers will thus be able to take advantage of the favorable potential for cultivation in our geographical location. |
