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E-zdravstvena pismenost je sposobnost iskanja, razumevanja in ocenjevanja zdravstvenih informacij z internetnih virov ter uporabe pridobljenega znanja za reševanje zdravstvenih težav. Internet velja za enega najpomembnejših virov zdravstvenih informacij, vendar hkrati lahko vsebuje veliko nepreverjenih, lažnih in celo potencialno nevarnih informacij, zaradi česar je izjemno pomembna e-zdravstvena pismenost. Namen magistrske naloge je bil raziskati e-zdravstveno pismenost na vzorcu prebivalcev Slovenije s sladkorno boleznijo, da bi ugotovili, kako iščejo z zdravjem povezane informacije na internetu. E-zdravstveno pismenost smo ocenili z že prevedenim in uveljavljenim vprašalnikom eHEALS-E. Sestavljen je iz 32 postavk, anketiranci pa so na dane trditve odgovarjali po Likertovi lestvici strinjanja. Vprašalnik smo preko Fakultete za farmacijo po navadni pošti poslali 1870 članom Zveze društev diabetikov Slovenije. Po približno dveh mesecih smo dobili 804 vrnjenih vprašalnikov. 337 vrnjenih vprašalnikov za nadaljnjo analizo ni bilo primernih, saj anketiranci niso ustrezali kriteriju za izpolnjevanje vprašalnika. Dobili smo torej 468 odgovorov, primernih za analizo, kar predstavlja 25 % odziv prevladovale so ženske (57,7 %), srednja vrednost starosti pa je bila 68 let. Najprej smo s potrditveno faktorsko analizo preverili veljavnost 6-dimenzionalne strukture vprašalnika, nato pa smo podatke obdelali z metodami za opisno statistiko, da smo dobili pregled nad odstotkovno in frekvenčno strukturo odgovorov glede na posamezne postavke oziroma faktorje. Prepoznavanje kakovosti in pomena ter razumevanje informacij sta se izkazala kot najmanj razvita faktorja eHEALS-E vprašalnika, kar pomeni, da imajo anketiranci največ težav s prepoznavanjem kakovosti in pomena zdravstvenih informacij, pridobljenih z interneta ter razumevanjem le teh. Z multiplo linearno regresijo smo ugotavljali vpliv sociodemografskih spremenljivk na e-zdravstveno pismenost. Statistično značilen vpliv na e-zdravstveno pismenost so imele sledeče sociodemografske spremenljivke: starost, regija, dohodek, tip sladkorne bolezni in ocena trenutnega zdravstvenega stanja. Starejši so izkazovali nižjo e-zdravstveno pismenost. Posamezniki iz Koroške, Savinjske in Goriške regije so bili manj e-zdravstveno pismeni kot tisti iz Podravske regije. Prav tako je nižjo stopnjo e-zdravstvene pismenosti napovedoval nižji dohodek. Anketiranci s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 so se izkazali za bolj e-zdravstveno pismene. Višja kot je bila samoocena trenutnega zdravstvenega stanja, višja je bila e-zdravstvena pismenost. Zaključujemo, da bi bilo v prihodnje smiselno razmisliti o strategijah, kako v izobraževanje bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo implementirati pridobivanje kompetenc, predvsem glede prepoznavanja kakovosti in pomena informacij pri iskanju z zdravjem povezanih informacij z internetnih virov. Še posebej bi se morali posvetiti starejšim bolnikom, tistim z nižjim dohodkom ter sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2. E-health literacy is the ability to find, understand and evaluate health information from the Internet and to use the acquired knowledge to solve health-related problems. The Internet is considered one of the most important sources of health information. At the same time, it can also contain a lot of unverified, incorrect and even potentially dangerous information, which is why e-health literacy is of great importance. The aim of this master thesis was to investigate the level of e-health literacy on a sample of Slovenian residents with diabetes to find out how they search for health-related information on the Internet. We assessed e-health literacy using the eHEALS-E questionnaire, which has already been translated into Slovenian and validated. It consists of 32 items with Likert response scale. We sent the questionnaire by post mail through the Faculty of Pharmacy to 1870 members of the Slovenian Diabetes Association. After two months, we received back 804 returned questionnaires. 337 returned questionnaires were not suitable for further analysis because the respondents did not meet the criteria for completing the questionnaire. Thus, we received 468 responses suitable for analysis, representing a 25 % response rate 57,7 % of the respondents were women, and the mean age was 68 years. First, we checked the validity of the 6-dimensional structure of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis and then processed the data using descriptive statistics methods to obtain an overview of the percentage and frequency structure of the responses according to each item or factor. Recognizing quality and meaning and understanding information seem to be the least prominent factors of the eHEALS-E questionnaire, which means that the respondents have the most problems with recognizing quality and meaning of health information from the Internet and understanding it. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the influence of sociodemographic variables on e-health literacy. The following sociodemographic variables had a statistically significant impact on e-health literacy: age, region, income, type of diabetes and current health status. Older people showed lower e-health literacy. Individuals from the Koroška, Savinjska and Goriška regions had lower e-health literacy than individuals from the Podravska region. Lower income predicted lower e-health literacy. Respondents with type 1 diabetes showed better e-health literacy. The higher the self-assessment of current health status, the higher the e-health literacy. To conclude, it would be reasonable to consider strategies for the implementation of competence-based education for patients with diabetes, especially regarding the recognition of the quality and meaning of information when searching for health information on the Internet. Special attention should be paid to elderly patients, patients with a lower income and type 2 diabetes. |
