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Karbonilne spojine so v naravi zelo razširjene, hkrati pa so nepogrešljive tudi sintetsko. To so spojine, ki imajo ogljikov atom z dvojno vezjo vezan na kisikov atom. Karbonilno skupino najdemo v molekulah aldehidov, ketonov, karboksilnih kislinah in njihovih derivatih ter v ogljikovih hidratih in drugod. V svojem delu sem se ukvarjala z različnimi pretvorbami karbonilnih spojin. Aldehidi in ketoni najpogosteje sodelujejo v nukleofilnih adicijah, karboksilne kisline in njihovi derivati pa v nukleofilnih substitucijah. Opisala sem reakcije nastanka in uporabnost para-kinonskih metidov, saj so njihovi vmesni produkti pomembni v številnih bioloških in kemijskih procesih. Ena pomembnejših reakcij pri kateri se tvori vezi ogljik‒ogljik, je Michaelova reakcija. Spoznala pa sem se tudi z reakcijami na inone, ki imajo karbonilno skupino vezano ob trojni vezi. Carbonyl compounds are very widespread in nature and synthetically they are indispensable. Their carbon atom is connected to an oxygen atom by a double bond. Carbonyl group can be found in compounds of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, carbohydrates and other. With my work I focused on different conversions of carbonyl compounds. Aldehydes and ketones most frequently participate in nucleophilic additions, yet carboxylic acids and their derivatives in nucleophilic substitutions. I described formation reactions and use of para-quinone methides because their intermediate products are very important in many biological and chemical processes. One of more important reactions, in which carbon bond is formed, is the Michael reaction. I also learned about reactions with ynones, which have carbonyl group next to the triple bond. |
