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Uvod: Prehranska ogroženost je med hospitaliziranimi bolniki zelo razširjena. Zgodnje odkrivanje prehranske ogroženosti pri bolnikih omogoča pravočasno prehransko obravnavo in podporo. Medicinske sestre zaradi stalnega stika z bolniki predstavljajo ključen člen pri prepoznavanju prehransko ogroženih bolnikov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti vpliv prehranske ogroženosti bolnikov na njihovo zdravljenje ter predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri odkrivanju podhranjenosti in izvajanju prehranske podpore. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Pregledali smo dostopno literaturo obravnavane teme v naslednjih elektronskih bazah podatkov: Science Direct, PubMed in COBISS. Rezultati: Pri podhranjenih bolnikih je večja možnost za nastanek zapletov med zdravljenjem, kar posledično lahko vodi v neugoden izid zdravljenja. Zapleti med zdravljenjem podaljšujejo čas prebivanja v bolnišnici, kar povečuje stroške zdravljenja. Medicinske sestre s pomočjo antropometričnih meritev in z uporabo orodja za prehransko presejanje ovrednotijo bolnikov prehranski stratus in se ob odkritju podhranjenosti povežejo s kliničnim dietetikom, ki bolnika prehransko obravnava in mu pripravi načrt za prehransko podporo. Razprava in zaključek: Prehranska ogroženost lahko negativno vpliva na potek zdravljenja bolnikov. Slab prehranski status bolnika je močno povezan z nenačrtovano ponovno hospitalizacijo po odpustu. Odkrivanje prehranske ogroženosti je smiselno uvesti kot del rutinskega postopka pri sprejemu bolnika v bolnišnico, pri katerem pa imajo medicinske sestre ključno vlogo, saj so stalno v stiku z bolniki. Prehransko stanje bolnikov se s časom prebivanja v bolnišnici lahko poslabša, zato ga je za uspešno zdravljenje treba spremljati tudi v poznejši fazi prebivanja v bolnišnici. Introduction: Nutritional risk is widely spread among hospitalized patients. Early identifying of patients with nutritional risk enables nutritional support in timely manner. Nurses are in constant contact with patients and therefore have key role in identifying malnourished patients. Purpose: The purpose of work is to present the impact of malnutrition on patient’s health treatment and to present the role of nurses in identifying patients with malnutrition risk and implementing nutritional support. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work. We reviewed the accessible literature of the problem in question on the web databases: Science Direct, PubMed and COBISS. Results: In malnourished patients there is a greater chance of complications during medical treatment, which can lead to an adverse outcome of treatment. Complications during medical treatment prolong the time of hospital stay, which increases the medical costs. Using the anthropometric measurements and nutritional screening tool nurses can assess patient’s nutritional status and in case of malnutrition, they refer the case to the clinical dietitian who then prescribes nutritional support. Discussion and conclusion: Nutritional risk may have a negative impact on the course of patients treatment. The poor nutritional status of the patient is strongly associated with an unplanned re-hospitalization after dismissal. Nutritional screening needs to be introduced as part of a routine procedure at patients admission to a hospital, in which nurses play a key role as they are constantly in contact with patients. Nutritional status of patients may worsen during their stay in hospital, therefore it needs to be monitored at a later stage of hospital stay to ensure successful medical outcome. |
