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Forenzični računalniški programi so programska ali strojna oprema, ki je skrivaj nameščena na točno določen računalniški sistem in je namenjena pridobivanju različnih vrst podatkov, kar je odvisno od lastnosti posameznega programa. Preiskovalni organi bi z uporabo take programske opreme kot prikritim preiskovalnim ukrepom lahko pridobivali ogromne količine podatkov tako pred, med ali po izvršitvi kaznivega dejanja, kar bi jim pri preiskovanje kaznivih dejanj nedvomno olajšalo. Vendar pa tak preiskovalni ukrep odpira številna vprašanja, tako na tehnični kot na pravni ravni. Na tehnični ravni se pojavijo težave predvsem v zvezi z protivirusnimi programi na osumljenčevem računalniku, zlorabami takih programov in vprašanjem zamejitve in nadzora nad izvrševanjem takega preiskovalnega ukrepa. Na pravni ravni pa je v ospredju problematika poseganja v nekatere najpomembnejše ustavne pravice posameznikov in tehtanje upravičenosti tako invazivnega orodja v rokah državnih organov. Poleg tega se odpira tudi vprašanje čezmejnega preiskovanja s tako programsko opremo. Čeprav se moramo zaradi hitrega razvoja kibernetske kriminalitete in nekaterih drugih kaznivih dejanj soočiti, da v sodobnem svetu potreba po takem preiskovalnem ukrepu obstaja, moramo biti pri uzakonitvi izjemno previdni. Forensic computer program is a tool, either software or hardware, that is secretly installed on a specific computer system and is designed to obtain different types of data, depending on the features of each program. Investigating authorities would use such a tool as a clandestine investigative measure and thus acquire huge amount of data either before, during or after the commission of a criminal offence, what would undoubtedly facilitate the investigation. However, such a measure raises a number of issues, both on technical and legal level. On a technical level, the problems arise primarily in connection with the anti-virus software on a suspect's computer, misuse of such programs and with the caps and control over the execution of such a measure. On a legal level, the main problem is interference with some of the most important constitutional rights and weighing the eligibility of such an invasive tool in the hands of state authorities. In addition, it raises the question of cross-border investigation using such technology. Because of the rapid development of cybercrime and certain other types of crimes, we have to face the need for such investigative measure, yet we have to be extremely careful in its enactment. |
