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Namen diplomskega dela je bil v primerjali perspektivi proučiti različne sisteme zdravstvenega varstva v izbranih državah EU in ZDA ter na podlagi izbranih indikatorjev primerjati, kako so se države soočale s pandemijo covid-19. Za analizo smo si izbrali Slovenijo in Avstrijo kot predstavnici Bismarckovega modela, Švedsko in Italijo kot predstavnici Beveridgovega modela ter ZDA kot predstavnico tržnega modela. V začetku dela smo z metodo deskripcije opredelili temeljne pojme ter opisali štiri ključne modele sistemov zdravstvenega varstva. Njihov zgodovinski razvoj smo opisali z zgodovinsko metodo. V nadaljevanju dela smo z metodo deskripcije in zgodovinske metode opisali zdravstvene sisteme Slovenije, Avstrije, Italije, Švedske in ZDA. V raziskovalnem delu smo s pomočjo primerjalne analize primerjali potek pandemije covid-19 v izbranih državah ter njen vpliv na zdravstvene sisteme, glede na izbrane indikatorje. Pri pisanju smo kombinirali analizo in interpretacijo primarnih ter sekundarnih virov. Izsledke domačih/tujih znanstvenoraziskovalnih del smo pridobili z metodo kompilacije. Ugotovili smo, da na podlagi analize izbranih indikatorjev ne moremo z gotovostjo potrditi ali obstaja povezava med zdravstvenim modelom države in uspešnostjo njihovega zdravstvenega sistema v boju s pandemijo. Za natančnejšo analizo bi morali primerjati več različnih indikatorjev oziroma obravnavati večji vzorec držav, saj zgolj na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov ni opaziti izrazitih odstopanj pri državah z istim modelom. Diplomsko delo bo bralcem pripomoglo k boljšemu razumevanju in ločevanju med obstoječimi modeli sistemov zdravstvenega varstva, dalo vpogled v organizacijo zdravstvenih sistemov obravnavanih držav ter prikazalo, kakšen vpliv je imela epidemija covid-19 na njihove zdravstvene sisteme. The aim of the thesis was to examine the various health care systems in selected EU countries and the USA in a comparative perspective and, based on selected indicators, to compare how the countries faced the covid-19 pandemic. For the analysis, we chose Slovenia and Austria as representatives of the Bismarck model, Sweden and Italy as representatives of the Beveridge model, and the USA as a representative of the market model. At the beginning of the work, we used the method of description to define basic terms and describe four key models of health care systems. We described their historical development using the historical method. In the continuation of the work, we used the method of description and historical methods to describe the healthcare systems of Slovenia, Austria, Italy, Sweden and the USA. In the research work, we compared the course of the covid-19 pandemic in selected countries and its impact on health systems, with the help of comparative analysis, according to selected indicators. When writing, we combined the analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources. We obtained the results of domestic/foreign scientific research works using the compilation method. We found that, based on the analysis of the selected indicators, we cannot confirm with certainty whether there is a connection between the country's health model and the success of its health system in the fight against the pandemic. For a more precise analysis, several different indicators should be compared, or a larger sample of countries should be considered, since only on the basis of the obtained data, no significant deviations can be observed in countries with the same model. The thesis will help readers to better understand and distinguish between existing models of health care systems, give insight into the organization of the health systems of the countries in question, and show what impact the covid-19 epidemic had on their health systems. |
