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Uvod: Prestajanje kazni za žensko pomeni prilagoditev na spremembe, ki jih prinaša zaporniško okolje zaradi omejitve osebne svobode noseče zapornice in posledične otežene vzgoje svojih otrok. Velika večina, tj. kar tri četrtine žensk, prestaja kazen v letih, ki so del rodnega obdobja. Približno dve tretjini vseh zapornic pa nosi naziv matere ali primarne skrbnice. Pri vseh zapornicah obstaja tveganje za pojav težav v zvezi s psihičnim zdravjem, prav tako lahko predhodna izkušnja fizičnega ali spolnega nasilja prispeva k visokorizičnemu poteku nosečnosti in posledičnim tveganjem, ki zahtevajo terapevtsko obravnavo ženske, saj so že tako bolj dovzetne za pojav resnejših bolezni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na osnovi že ugotovljenih podatkov s pomočjo znanstvene in strokovne literature raziskati vplive, tveganja in posledice bivanja žensk v zaporu med samo nosečnostjo ter poporodnega obdobja na neonatalne in maternalne izide. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo je teoretično, zanj smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela in metodo zbiranja relevantne, strokovne in znanstvene, literature o nosečnosti, poporodnem obdobju ter o neonatalnih in maternalnih izidih nosečih zapornic. Rezultati: Končni rezultati raziskav kažejo na podobne negativne neonatalne in maternalne izide, ki so največkrat posledica nezadostne prenatalne oskrbe in pozornosti, ki jo namenimo nosečim zapornicam. Negativnih izidov je veliko in zadevajo tako psihično kot tudi fizično zdravje matere in novorojenčka. Razprava in zaključek: Negativni izidi se zaradi dejavnikov tveganega bivanja v zaporu in morebitnih tveganih dejanj kažejo pri novorojenčku ter pri nosečnici. Velikokrat zanemarjamo pomembnost izbranega obporodnega spremljevalca in babice, ki spremlja celoten potek poroda in porodnici zapornici omogoča ustrezno, varno in dostojno okolje, v katerem rojeva. Vsi zdravstveni delavci bi se morali zavedati in delovati strokovno, kakovostno in celostno ter na podlagi tega prispevati k optimalnemu poteku nosečnosti in ugodnejšim neonatalnim in maternalnim izidom. Introduction: For a woman, serving a sentence means adjusting to the changes brought about by the prison environment due to the restriction of the pregnant prisoner's personal freedom and the consequent difficulty in raising her children. The majority of women i.e. three quarters, serve their sentences during her childbearing years. About two thirds of all women prisoners are either mothers or primary caregivers. All women prisoners are at risk of mental health problems and along with that a previous history of physical or sexual violence may contribute to a high-risk pregnancy and subsequent risks that require therapeutic treatment, as women are already more susceptible to more serious illnesses. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to use the scientific and professional literature to investigate the impact, risks and consequences of women's imprisonment during pregnancy and the postnatal period on neonatal and maternal outcomes, based on already established data. Methods: The thesis is theoretical, we used a descriptive method of work and a method of collecting relevant, professional and scientific literature on pregnancy, the postpartum period and neonatal as well as maternal outcomes of pregnant women in prison. Results: The final results of the studies show similar negative neonatal and maternal outcomes, most often due to inadequate antenatal care and attention to pregnant women in prison. Negative outcomes are numerous and affect both the psychological and physical health of the mother and the newborn. Discussion and conclusion: Negative outcomes are seen in the newborn and the pregnant women due to the risk factors of imprisonment and possible risky actions. The importance of having a chosen midwife and birth attendant to follow and collaborate the entire birthing process and ensure that the birthing woman is provided with an appropriate, safe and dignified environment in which to give birth is often neglected. All health professionals should be aware of professionalism, quality and integrity and, on the basis, contribute to the optimal cause of pregnancy and to more favorable neonatal and maternal outcomes. |
