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V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala kolikšna je potreba po samozagovorništvu pri starih ljudeh in v kolikšni meri poskrbijo za svoje pravice in potrebe. V današnji družbi se vse več govori o storilnosti, pomenu mladostnega videza, aktivnega življenja in podobno. Nasprotno pa poslušamo o starosti, ki je stereotipno čas, ko ljudje potrebujejo mnoga zdravila, pomoč pri raznih opravilih zaradi nesamostojnosti in počasnejšega prilagajanja vsem spremembam. Javni diskurz, ki v zvezi s starimi ljudmi uporablja izraze kot npr. vodenje, pozornost, načrtovanje, varovanje, vodi v podzavestno uresničevanje teh stereotipov pri starih ljudeh in vpliva na njihovo doživljanje samih sebe. Samozagovorništvo kot človekova zmožnost, da spregovori zase in za svoje potrebe, je eden izmed načinov, kako to omiliti. Človek, ki se postavi za svoje potrebe in jih tudi dosega, poleg tega pa se še zaveda svojih pravic in dolžnosti, živi dosti bolj lagodno. Poleg tega je pomemben vidik samozagovorništva še informiranost ter spoznavanje svojih šibkosti in kvalitet, skozi katere človek oblikuje svoje cilje in zmore sam sprejemati (pomembne) odločitve. Pri raziskovanju samozagovorništva starih ljudi sem se osredotočila na to, kako skrbijo za svoje potrebe in pravice. Izvedla sem kvalitativno raziskavo in z metodo spraševanja opravila intervjuje z devetimi ljudmi starejšimi od 65 let. Ugotovitve so pokazale, da so njihove bivanjske razmere varne, ker na njih nihče ne skuša vplivati ali pa jih sami zagovarjajo. Njihovo vsakodnevno življenje temelji na rutinah, prilagojenih zdravstvenemu stanju, z občasnimi izjemami, kot so na primer izleti, drugih aktivnosti se redko udeležujejo. Zadovoljni so s svojim socialnim omrežjem, vendar so včasih osamljeni, za kar nimajo rešitve. Njihovo zdravstveno stanje vpliva na življenjski potek in na pomoč, ki si jo priskrbijo v svojem socialnem omrežju. Na institucije se redko obračajo. Izkušnje imajo predvsem z zdravniki in patronažnimi sestrami, na tem področju so izkušnje tako pozitivne kot negativne. Redki omenjajo uspešno samozagovorništvo pri zdravniku. Potrebe po samozagovorništvu vidim predvsem na področju obvladovanja financ in v zdravstvu, prav tako pa bi bilo pomembno, da bi se stari ljudje znali in odločili postaviti zase v primeru kršenja pravic. Ker se stari ljudje vključujejo v najrazličnejše skupine v njih vidim velik potencial tudi za skupinsko samozagovorništvo. In my graduation thesis, I researched the need for self-advocacy among old people and the extent to which they take care of their rights and needs. In today's society, there is more and more talk about productivity, the importance of a youthful appearance and active life. On the other hand, we hear that old age is stereotypically a time when people need a lot of medication, help with various tasks due to lack of independence and slower adaptation to all changes. Public discourse that uses terms such as leadership, attention, planning, protection, leads to the subconscious realization of these stereotypes in older people and strongly influences their experience of themselves. Old people become passive because they think they don’t deserve better. Self-advocacy, as a person’s ability to speak for themselves and for their own needs, is one way to mitigate this. A person who stands up for his or her needs and also achieves them, in addition to being aware of his rights and duties, lives much more comfortably. In addition, an important aspect of self-advocacy is information and learning about one's weaknesses and qualities, through which a person forms his or her own goals and is able to make (important) decisions on his or her own. In researching self-advocacy of elderly, I focused on how they take care of their needs and rights. I conducted qualitative research where I interviewed nine people older than the age of 65 using the questioning method. The findings showed that their living conditions are safe and do not need to be defended. They stick to their customized routines in daily life with occasional exceptions such as excursions, they rarely attend other activities. They are happy with their social network, but sometimes they are lonely, for which they have no solution. Their state of health affects their life course and they rely on their social network for help. They rarely approach different institutions for help. They have experience mainly with doctors and community nurses, and their experience in this area is both positive and negative. Few mention successful self-advocacy at the doctor. I see the need for self-advocacy mainly in the field of financial management and health care, but it would also be important for old people to know how and decide to stand up for themselves if they experience violation of their rights. I as well see great potential for group self-advocacy when old people join various groups. |
