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Uvod: Staranje je fiziološki proces, ki traja vse življenje. Prinese številne spremembe na telesnem, duševnem in socialnem področju, katerih posledica je nezmožnost izvajanja vsakodnevnih aktivnosti starejših oseb, kar lahko posledično pomeni selitev v institucionalno okolje. Starejše osebe si želijo ostati v svojem okolju. Pristop staranja v domačem okolju poudarja pomen podpore in razpoložljivosti storitev osebam, da lahko živijo na svojem domu. Namen delovne terapije v domačem okolju je s terapevtsko uporabo okupacij, s prilagoditvami oziroma z uporabo pripomočkov ohranjati samostojnost, izboljšati varnost ter kakovost življenja starejše osebe. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati doživljanje staranja in izkušnje življenja ter izvajanja aktivnosti v domačem okolju starejših oseb. Metode dela: Uporabili smo kvalitativno metodo dela. Izvedli smo poglobljene intervjuje s petimi starejšimi osebami, ki živijo v občini Idrija in se starajo v domačem okolju. Podatke, pridobljene z intervjuji, smo kvalitativno vsebinsko analizirali. Rezultati: Iz raziskave so izšle štiri glavne kategorije: izkušnje in doživljanje staranja v domačem okolju, zadovoljstvo in kakovost življenja v domačem okolju, okupacije v domačem okolju in samostojnost ter delovna terapija v domačem okolju. Intervjuvanci staranje doživljajo različno. Domače okolje je zanje pomembno, nanj so navezani. V njem so zadovoljni kljub oviram in različnim dejavnikom, ki negativno vplivajo na staranje v domačem okolju. Intervjuvanci so samostojnejši pri ožjih dnevnih aktivnostih in manj samostojni pri širših dnevnih aktivnostih. Opustiti so morali nekatere okupacije, v določeni meri so pripravljeni na prilagoditve okolja, na selitev v institucionalno varstvo pa le ob hudem poslabšanju stanja. Z delovno terapijo so se že srečali ter izkazujejo interes za obravnavo. Razprava in zaključek: Starejše osebe si želijo čim dlje ostati v svojem domačem okolju. Čeprav so večinoma samostojne pri ožjih dnevnih aktivnostih, pomoč pri širših dnevnih aktivnostih vpliva na njihov občutek samostojnosti. Delovna terapija v domačem okolju bi omogočala večjo samostojnost in varnost pri izvedbi okupacij/aktivnosti, posledično pa tudi večje zadovoljstvo in kakovost življenja starejših oseb. Dobrodošla bi bila kot storitev na primarni ravni zdravstvenega sistema ali kot del dolgotrajne oskrbe. Na področju staranja v domačem okolju z vidika delovne terapije bi bilo smiselno opraviti več raziskav in vanje zajeti čim bolj raznolik krog starejših oseb. Introduction: Aging is a lifelong physiological process. It brings physical, psychological, and social changes, which may result in older adults’ inability to perform daily activities therefore, this may mean moving to institutional care. Older adults want to stay in their home environment. The concept of aging in place highlights the importance of support and accessibility of services to elderly persons, so that they can live in their home. The role of occupational therapy in the home environment is to preserve independence, safety, and quality of life of elderly persons with the therapeutic use of occupations, home modifications, and assistive devices. Purpose: This study’s aim is to research experiences of aging, living in the home environment, and participation in daily activities in the home environment. Methods: A qualitative research method was used. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with older adults, who live in the Municipality of Idrija and are aging in the home environment. The interviews were qualitatively analysed. Results: Four main categories emerged: experiences and perceptions of aging in the home environment satisfaction and quality of life in the home environment occupations in the home environment and independence occupational therapy in the home environment. The interviewees experience aging differently. The home environment is important to them they feel attached to it. They are satisfied in it, despite the obstacles and different factors which negatively impact aging in their home environment. The interviewees are more independent in the activities of daily living and less in the instrumental activities of daily living. They have had to stop performing certain activities. They are prepared to adapt their home to some extent moving to institutional care is a possibility if a drastic decline in health occurs. They have come across occupational therapy and show an interest in occupational therapy intervention. Discussion and conclusion: Older adults want to stay in their home environment, which they know well. Despite being mostly independent in the activities of daily living, the assistance they receive in the instrumental activities of daily living affects their feeling of independence. Occupational therapy in the home environment would enhance independence and safety when performing occupations/activities, which would also positively impact the satisfaction and quality of life of elderly persons. It would be a welcome service at the primary level of Slovenian health care or as a part of long-term care. More research would be needed in aging in place from the occupational therapy standpoint. |
