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Magistrsko delo raziskuje ekonomiko samooskrbe z električno energijo z upoštevanjem sprememb zakonodaje in razmer na trgu. Izvedena je analiza ekonomike investicije v samooskrbne sisteme s fotovoltaično sončno elektrarno in baterijskim hranilnikom energije (BHEE), za katerega so zasnovane tri strategije uporabe. Na podlagi tipičnega letnega vzorca porabe in proizvodnje električne energije je modeliran dejanski odjem samooskrbnega gospodinjstva na 15-minutnem intervalu. Simulirani so trije načini delovanja BHEE v takšnem sistemu. Ekonomika investicij je ovrednotena z analizo denarnih tokov, kjer odhodke predstavljajo stroški investicije, prihodke pa relativni prihranki glede na primer, ko investicija ni izvedena. Smiselnost investicij je ocenjena z izračunom interne stopnje donosa in enostavne ter diskontirane povračilne dobe. Izračuni so izvedeni za obstoječi in novi zakonodajni okvir samooskrbe, obstoječo in prenovljeno metodologijo za obračunavanje omrežnine ter za različne scenarije razvoja cen električne energije. Ugotovljen je velik padec donosnosti investicij v vse vrste samooskrbnih sistemov po spremembi zakonodajnega okvira samooskrbe. Ob sočasni prenovi omrežninskega modela je zaznan dodaten majhen padec donosnosti investicij v samooskrbne sisteme, tudi takšnih, v katere je vključen BHEE. V splošnem višje cene električne energije pomenijo višjo donosnost investicij v samooskrbo. Ekonomika investicij je boljša tudi pri večjih samooskrbnih sistemih. V povezavi s tem so predstavljene možnosti samooskrbe v okviru energetskih skupnosti. This thesis studies the economics of self-generated electrical energy, considering the regulatory and market context. Conducted is an analysis of the economics of investments in self-generation systems, consisting of a photovoltaic solar power plant and a battery energy storage system (BESS), for which three usage strategies are devised. Typical yearly patterns of household electricity consumption and solar power plant generation are used to derive the typical net flow of electricity into and from the electricity grid for each 15-minute interval of a typical year. Cash flow analysis is used to calculate the economics of the investments – the investment costs represent the expenditures, while savings relative to the base case where no investment is made count as earnings. The internal revenue rate and the period of return (discounted and non-discounted) are calculated to evaluate the investments. The calculation is performed for both the existing and the new legal framework for self-generation, for the existing and the revised methodology for network tariffs, and for different electricity price scenarios. Lower profitability of investment into self-generation is observed when the new legal framework is considered. With a concurrent revision of the network tariff model, a further minor reduction of the profitability is noted, which also holds true for investments in systems that include a BESS. In general, higher electricity prices result in greater profitability of investments in self-generation. The economics of investments in self-generation are also better for systems of greater sizes. In this context, the possibilities of self-generation within the framework of energy communities are presented. |
