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Medvrstniško nasilje je tematika, ki jo v družbi pogosto izpostavljamo. Dogaja se med mladostniki, tako v obliki fizičnih kot tudi psihičnih in verbalnih zlorab. Nasilje je pogosto skrito ali ignorirano, a strokovnjaki so na to področje vedno bolj občutljivi. Dejstvo je, da medvrstniško nasilje obstaja, a odgovora, kako ravnati, kako se s tem spopadati, še vedno nimamo. V diplomski nalogi se osredotočam na dojemanje in razumevanje nasilja s strani mladostnikov, ki trpinčijo druge, so agresivni, izvajajo nasilje nad vrstniki. Ugotavljala sem, zakaj do takšnega vedenja pride, kakšni so vzroki in razlogi za nasilje, kako vidijo žrtev, kakšna čustva jih ob nasilju prevzemajo, predvsem pa, kako oni doživljajo odzive strokovnjakov ter kakšne so alternative nasilju oziroma druge možnosti izražanja in ravnanja poznajo. Želela sem pridobiti vpogled v njihov življenjski svet, da bi dobila ideje za nove načine dela, ki bi jih strokovni delavci, učitelji in starši lahko prakticirali, in bi morda pripomogli k izboljšanju situacije, k manjšemu številu trpinčenih otrok. V prvem delu sem predstavila relevantno literaturo na to tematiko, nato pa izvedla raziskavo, ki je temeljila na intervjujih in kvalitativni obdelavi odgovorov. V raziskavi je sodelovalo osem mladostnikov, štirje fantje in štiri dekleta, ki so v preteklosti izvajali nasilje nad sošolci in vrstniki, pomemben faktor za dojemanje razlike v percepciji nasilja pa je bil tudi spol. V raziskavi sem ugotovila, da mladostniki v medvrstniškem nasilju uporabljajo fizično, psihično, verbalno in spletno nasilje, nasilne situacije pa se dogajajo dnevno ali tedensko. Ob izvajanju nasilja imajo mladostniki dobre občutke, kot so moč, adrenalin, nadzor, avtoriteta. Razlogi za nasilje so predvsem v pozitivnih posledicah, ki jih le-to prinese, kot je mir, premoč, zgled, samozavest. Krivdo za nasilje vedno pripisujejo žrtvi, ki s svojim vedenjem nasilje povzroči. Žrtev vidijo v negativni podobi, kot šibko, drugačno, nenormalno osebo, do nje imajo občutke sovraštva. Vsi povzročitelji nasilja so bili v preteklosti tudi v vlogi žrtve, prisotno je bilo tako družinsko kot tudi medvrstniško nasilje. Posledice nasilja so negativne, vidijo jih predvsem v moraliziranju, kaznih s strani šole in te odzive označujejo kot slabe, saj jim strokovnjaki ne pomagajo, da bi se znali drugače odzivati. Posledice nasilja za žrtev prepoznavajo, a se jim ne zdijo dovolj pomembne. Večina mladostnikov meni, da se medvrstniškega nasilja ne da preprečiti. Peer violence is a subject that is often exposed in society it is happening among adolescents, in the form of physical, psychological and verbal abuse. Violence is often hidden or ignored, but experts are increasingly sensitive to this issue. The fact is that peer violence exists but we still do not have a responce on how to deal with this. The thesis emphasizes the perception and understanding of violence by adolescents who are aggressive and perform violence against their peers. I have examined why such behavior occurs, what are the causes and reasons, and especially how youths experience this violence themselves, how they see it, what emotions are taking them over, and how they see the responses of experts, where they see alternatives to violence or other possibilities of expression and behavior,. That is, to obtain novelties that have not been used by professional workers, teachers and parents, and may help to improve the situation and lead to a smaller number of maltreated children. In the first part, relevant literature on this topic is presented, followed by a survey based on interviews and qualitative processing of responses. The study involved eight adolescents, four boys and four girls who used violence against their classmates and peers in the past, and the gender factor in perceiving the perception of violence was also included in research. In the study, I found that adolescents use physical, psychological, verbal and online violence, violent situations occur daily or weekly. When implementing violence, adolescents have feelings of power, adrenaline, control, authority. Reasons for violence is in all the positive consequences that it brings, such as peace, empowerment, self-confidence. The guilt for violence is always attributed to the victim who causes violence with his behaviour. They see the victim in a negative image, as weak, different, abnormal, they have feelings of hatred. All of the perpetrators of violence were in the past also in the role of a victim, there was both family and peer violence. The consequences of violence are negative, they are seen primarily in moralizing, punishments by the school, and these responses are described as bad, as experts do not help them to be able to respond differently. The consequences of violence for the victim are recognized, but do not seem important to them. Most teenagers think that peer violence can not be prevented. |
