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Saproksilne vrste žuželk so zaradi intenzivnih gozdarskih praks vse bolj ogrožene. Bukov kozliček (Morimus funereus), kot varstveno pomembna in karizmatična neleteča saproksilna vrsta hrošča, predstavlja dober modelni organizem za preučevanje disperzije slabo mobilnih saproksilnih vrst. Prav tako je za učinkovito varovanje njega in njegovega habitata, od katerega so odvisne tudi številne druge saproksilne vrste, potrebno podrobno poznavanje biologije vrste. Z metodo sledenja z radijskimi oddajniki smo želeli ugotoviti disperzijske zmožnosti bukovega kozlička, vpliv temperature in relativne vlažnosti zraka na njegovo aktivnost in preference do hranilnih rastlin. Bukov kozliček je pokazal nižjo disperzijsko zmožnost od letečih saproksilnih vrst, zato je pomembno, da za namene ohranjanja vrste varujemo večje sklenjene gozdove. Pri nizkih temperaturah je bila mobilnost osebkov izrazito nizka, pri višjih temperaturah pa so bile samice bolj mobilne od samcev. Osebki so se zbirali na in v bližini sveže posekanega lesa, zato je metoda monitoringa bukovega kozlička s štetjem in lovom osebkov na enotah svežega lesa bolj primerna od metode štetja osebkov vzdolž transekta. Skladovnice hlodovine populacijam bukovega kozlička predstavljajo pomembno potencialno grožnjo. Osebki so se najpogosteje zbirali na svežem lesu jelke (Abies alba), ki je bila na območju tudi najbolj razpoložljiva. Pri prehranjevanju so pokazali preferenco do listavcev. Bukov kozliček je bil z metodo spremljanja z radijskimi oddajniki preučevan prvič. Saproxylic species of insects are increasingly threatened by intensive forestry practices. Longhorn beetle Morimus funereus is a charismatic flightless saproxylic beetle of conservation importance and as such represents a good model species for studying the dispersion of poorly mobile saproxylic species. Detailed knowledge of the species biology is crucial for the purposes of protecting M. funereus, as well as its habitat and other species that inhabit it. Beetles were tracked with radio transmitters in order to determine the dispersal capabilities of the species, effects of air temperature and relative air humidity on its activity and its preference for host plants. Compared to flying saproxylic species, M. funereus has shown low dispersal capabilities, therefore conservation of large forests is needed for its protection. The mobility of M. funereus was markedly low at low temperatures, whereas at higher temperatures females were more mobile than males. Specimens accumulated on and near freshly cut wood, therefore the method of counting and trapping specimens on units of dead wood is a more appropriate for population monitoring than transect counts. Timber piles represent an important potential threat for the populations of M. funereus. Individials were most commonly found on fresh wood of silver fir (Abies alba), which was also the most available at the study site. For feeding, M. funereus has shown a prefrence for deciduous species. This was the first study of M. funereus by means of radio tracking. |
