| Popis: |
V zadnjih desetletjih se je zaradi pretiranega izvajanja sintez , ki so človeku in okolju neprijazne, povečalo zanimanje za razvoj novih sinteznih poti pod zelenimi pogoji. Te lahko potekajo do enostavnih ali bolj kompleksnih produktov, pri katerih za reaktante uporabimo karbonilne spojine. Produkti so lahko vse od enostavnih arom do zapletenih farmacevtsko pomembnih aktivnih učinkovin. Mnoge sinteze takšnih spojin se izvajajo v do človeka in okolja neprijaznih topilih, pri visokih temperaturah ter z nizkimi selektivnostmi in nizkimi pretvorbami reakcij. V diplomskem delu sem skušal predstaviti nekaj pomembnih konceptov ter nekaj že optimiziranih reakcij zelene kemije. Pretvorbe potekajo kot reakcije adicije, kondenzacije, reakcije v vodi, pretvorbe z mletjem in kot večkomponentne pretvorbe, vse z visokimi izkoristki, visoko selektivnostjo in pod čimbolj zelenimi pogoji. In the past decades, excessive implementation of human and environmentally unfriendly syntheses sparked increasing interest for development of newer synthetic pathways under green conditions, products taking places from simple to more complex, where reactants are carbonyl compounds. Products can range from common aromas to complex active pharmaceutical ingredients. Such syntheses are often carried in solvents that are harmful to people and environment, at high temperature, furnishing products with low yield and selectivity. In this work, I have decided to present some important concepts of already optimised reactions of green chemistry. Conversions take place as reactions of addition, condensation, reactions in water, conversion with grinding and multicomponent reactions, all with high yields and high selectivity with as green conditions as possible. |
