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Da bi dosegli velike pridelke in hkrati tla obdelovali trajnostno, je potrebno kar nekaj znanja. Potrebno se je odločiti, kdaj in v kakšnih vremenskih razmerah se opravil na zemljiščih optimalno lotiti in katero orodje za obdelavo tal je bolje izbrati. Pri teh odločitvah nam lahko pomagajo terenski kazalci kakovosti tal, ki nam sporočajo, kakšno je stanje v tleh. V nalogi smo preizkusili naslednje metode terenskega ocenjevanja kakovosti tal: Lopatni test, Set kazalcev kakovosti tal po NRCS, Vizualna ocena tal po FAO, Simulator padavin, Obstojnost strukturnih agregatov po Sekeri, Indeks čajnih vrečk in Mehanska upornost tal s penetrometrom. Primerjali smo jih tako opisno, kot tudi statistično, na dveh dolgoletnih poskusih z različno obdelavo tal, (i) v Moškanjcih (tradicionalno oranje vs. minimalna obdelava) ter (ii) Moškanjcih in Pesnici, ki se razlikujeta po teksturi tal (tradicionalno oranje vs. direktna setev. Ugotovili smo, da je izmed preizkušenih metod najbolj primerna kombinacija Seta kazalcev kakovosti tal po NRCS z določanjem strukturnih agregatov po Sekeri. S tema dvema metodama namreč pridobimo vse potrebne informacije o kakovosti tal. Informacije pridobimo enostavno in hitro, poleg tega pa so relativno hitro pridobljene ocene precej zanesljive. In order to achieve high crop yields while at the same time cultivating the soil sustainably, there must be a lot of knowledge. It is important to determine when and in what weather conditions work on the field must be done and what tillage tool must be taken, to provide the best tillage management for soil. To take the right tool and make good decisions, we can use soil quality indicators. In the thesis we tested following methods of field soil quality assessment: Spade test, NRCS soil quality assessment method, FAO visual soil assessment, Rainfall simulator, Agregate stability by Sekera, Tea bag index, and Soil mechanical resistance using penetrometer. We compared them descriptively and statisticaly in the two long-term experiments with different soil tillage, (i) in Moškanjci (Traditional plowing vs. Minimal tillage) and (ii) Moškanjci and Pesnica with two different soil types (Traditional plowing vs. Minimal tillage). Our results show that the most useful methods are NRCS method in combination with Sekera test. With using these two methods we get all needed informations about the soil quality easily and fast. Moreover, methods are relatively exact. |
