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Spreminjanje pridelovalnih virov in procesov zaradi ohranjanja biotske pestrosti ima lahko na ravni kmetijskega gospodarstva pomembne posledice na ekonomiko. Z interdisciplinarnim pristopom (kmetijske vede, ekonomika in ekologija) in s pomočjo simulacijskega Modela kmetijskih gospodarstev smo ovrednotili proizvodne in ekonomske spremembe naravovarstvenih praks na izbranih tipih kmetijskih gospodarstvih na Ljubljanskem barju. Pet tipičnih govedorejskih kmetij za območje smo analizirali s pomočjo dveh scenarijev, ki opisujeta obstoječe in z naravovarstvenega vidika želeno stanje. V ciljnem stanju so kmetije del površin namenile varstvu biotske pestrosti, kar se je odrazilo v zmanjšani proizvodnji in kakovosti voluminozne krme ter zmanjšanem staležu. Največje spremembe v bruto dodani vrednosti (BDV) se zgodijo pri obeh velikih in intenzivnejših kmetijskih gospodarstvih - velika kmetija s kravami dojiljami (BDV - 41 %) in velika kmetija z mladim pitanim govedom (BDV - 17 %). Negativen, a manj izrazit vpliv doživita srednje velika mlečna kmetija (BDV - 2 %) in srednje velika kmetija z mladim pitanim govedom (BDV - 5 %). Majhni govedorejski kmetiji pa se, sicer izjemno slab, ekonomsko rezultat nekoliko izboljša (BDV + 46 %). Vpeljava naravovarstvenih praks zahteva celovit pristop. Pri nekaterih to pomeni manjše spremembe v tehnologiji, predvsem na intenzivnih kmetijskih gospodarstvih, pa ima lahko resne ekonomske negativne učinke. Modifying cropping resources and practices to conserve biodiversity can have significant economic impacts at the farm level. Using an interdisciplinary approach (agronomy, economics and ecology) and the Farm Simulation Model, we studied production and economic changes due to conservation measures on selected farms in the Ljubljana marshes. Five typical cattle farms were analyzed using two scenario. The “Existing scenario” and the “Natura conservation scenario”. In the Natura scenario, the farms dedicated part of their land to biodiversity protection, which led to a reduction in production and quality of forage, as well as a reduction in herd size. The largest changes in gross margin (GM) occur in the two large and more intensive farms - the large farm with suckler cows (GM - 41%) and the large farm with beef cattle (GM - 17%). A medium-sized dairy farm (GM - 2%) and a medium-sized beef farm (GM - 5%) are negatively, but less affected. However, the small cattle farm, which has a barely positive GM in the Exsisting scenario, has slightly improved its economic outcome (GM + 46%). The implementation of conservation measuers requires a holistic approach. For some farms this leads to minor changes in technology, but for intensive farms, this can have serious negative impact on profitability economics. |
