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Otrok ob travmatičnem dogodku, ki ga predstavlja kaznivo dejanje, doživi primarno viktimizacijo, v nadaljevanju pa zaradi neustreznega formalnega in neformalnega obravnavanja v fazah odkrivanja, preiskovanja in dokazovanja nasilnih kaznivih dejanj, skoraj vedno doživi tudi sekundarno viktimizacijo. Republika Slovenija je prav z namenom zmanjševanja sekundarne viktimizacije z novelo Zakona o kazenskem postopku (Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o kazenskem postopku ZKP-N) v sam postopek uvedla nekatere mehanizme, ki naj bi k temu pripomogli. Z istim namenom je leta 2021 sprejela Zakon o zaščiti otrok v kazenskem postopku in njihovi celostni obravnavi v hiši za otroke (ZZKOPOHO), ki določa institucionalni okvir in postopke za zaščito mladoletnih oškodovancev in prič kaznivih dejanj v kazenskem postopku in njihovo celostno obravnavo, z namenom zagotavljanja največje koristi otroka, otroku prijazne in varne obravnave ter okolja in krepitve otroku prijaznega pravosodja. Postopek celostne obravnave tako pod eno streho predvideva združitev več služb za obravnavo žrtev, ki bodo med seboj sodelovale na usklajen in učinkovit način ter tako pripomogle k hitremu in učinkovitemu ukrepanju v primeru zlorabe otroka. V postopku celostne obravnave se bo stremelo predvsem k zmanjševanju števila razgovorov, ki jih bo z otrokom opravil isti usposobljen strokovnjak, hkrati pa bodo ti in vsi zainteresirani predstavniki sodelujočih zunanjih institucij deležni rednih usposabljan in izobraževanj. Le na ta način bodo lahko pridobili dovolj specializiranega znanja za delovanje na tem področju. Poseben poudarek bo namenjen tudi neformalnem okolju in otroku prilagojenim prostorom, v katerih se bo v prvi vrsti otrok počutil sproščeno in varno. The child experiences primary victimisation at the time of the traumatic event constituting a criminal offence, and almost always experiences secondary victimisation later on, due to inadequate formal and informal treatment during the phases of detection, investigation and evidence of violent crime. In order to reduce secondary victimisation, the Republic of Slovenia has amended the Criminal Procedure Act (Act Amending the Criminal Procedure Act ZKP-N) to introduce certain mechanisms in the procedure itself to contribute to this. With the same aim, it adopted the Protection of Children in Criminal Procedure and their Comprehensive Treatment in Children's House Act (ZZOKPOHO) in 2021, which establishes the institutional framework and procedures for the protection of juvenile victims and witnesses of criminal offences in criminal proceedings and their comprehensive treatment, to ensure the best interests of the child, child-friendly and safe treatment and environment and to strengthen the child-friendly justice. The comprehensive treatment process thus brings together a number of victim services which will work together in a coordinated and effective manner to help ensure swift and effective action in cases of child abuse. The comprehensive treatment process will aim, in particular, to reduce the number of interviews with the child by the same trained professional, while providing regular training and education for the professionals and all interested representatives of the external institutions involved. This is the only way to provide them with sufficient specialised knowledge to be able to act in this field. The emphasis will also be on an informal environment and child-friendly premises where the child feels relaxed and safe in the first place. |
