| Popis: |
Nevarnosti podornih pojavov se še posebno zavedamo zadnjih nekaj deset let, saj je človekov življenjski prostor postal veliko bolj omejen in dragocen, s tem pa se je povečala uporaba prostora na bolj ogroženih območjih. Edini pravilni pristop za zmanjševanje ogroženosti pred padajočim kamenjem na določenem območju je proučevanje in razumevanje vzrokov in posledic tovrstnih pojavov. Prvi del naloge je namenjen razjasnitvi pojmov, povezanih z nevarnostjo podornih pojavov. Opisana je analiza ogroženosti na nekem območju, ki je sestavljena iz prepoznavanja nevarnosti, presoje nevarnosti in ogroženosti ter končno iz načrtovanja varovalnih ukrepov. Opisani so tudi načini, kako lahko uspešno saniramo skalne brežine. Nadalje je podan pregled načinov gibanja padajočega kamenja in pristopov k modeliranju tega gibanja. Danes so v uporabi različne vrste simulacijskih modelov, kot primer uporabe pa je naveden program Rockfall 6.1, s pomočjo katerega je izvedena ocena nevarnosti za izbrani odsek ceste v vasi Brezno v dravski dolini. Na prikazanem primeru uporabe je izračunana kinetična energija in višina odboja posameznih skal. Prikazana je razlika v dosegu in kinetični energiji posameznih skal na pobočju, ki je poraslo z gozdom in na pobočju, kjer gozda ni. Razvidna je tudi razlika v dosegu med sferično in cilindrično obliko kotaleče se skale. V zadnjem delu naloge pa je predstavljena ideja varovanja stanovanjski hiš in prometnice z uporabo dinamičnih pregrad, ki se v zadnjem času vedno bolj uveljavljajo. Opisano in prikazano je dimenzioniranje take pregrade na konkretnem primeru v vasi Brezno. We are particularly aware of rock fall hazard in the last few decades because human living space has become a lot more bounded and precious. Consequently there is increased usage of the land on the hazard areas. Studying and understanding the causes and consequences of rock fall phenomena is the only right accession for reduction hazard against stone falls on the specific area. First part of my diploma work is designed to clarification of notions related to the hazard of rock fall events. The analysis of risk estimation on some area is discussed, including recognition of the hazard, estimation of the danger in potential risk and the planning of necessary measurements. Methods of improvement of unstable slopes are described as well. Furthermore the review of modes of rock masses motion is handed and accessions to modeling of this motion. Different types of simulation models are in use today. As an example of the use there is allege program Rockfall 6.1, by which stone fall hazard assessment for selected road section in the village of Brezno in the Drava valley is carried out. Kinetic energy and bouncing height of the individual rock is presented as well. The difference in the run out zone and kinetic energy of the rocks on the forested and non-forested slope is presented, as well as the difference in the run out zone between spherical and cylindrical shape of the rolling rock. Protection solution of residential houses and the road through the village is presented in the last part with the usage of dynamic rock fall barriers, which are used more often recently. The dimensioning of such a barrier on the solid case in the village of Brezno in described and exposed. |
