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Fosfatidilserin (PS) je esencialni membranski fosfolipid, ki ga najdemo v vseh domenah življenja. Sodeluje v številnih bioloških procesih, pri čemer pa je najbolj pomembna njegova lokacija. V zdravih celicah se PS nahaja izključno na notranji strani plazemske membrane, kjer pa je o njegovi vlogi znanega zelo malo. Ko je izpostavljen na zunanji strani plazemske membrane, uravnava fiziološke procese kot so apoptoza, strjevanje krvi, mineralizacija kosti ter številne interakcije med celicami. Posledično je razumevanje obnašanja in lokacije PS v celičnih membranah pomembno za razumevanje številnih procesov v naših celicah. Za raziskovanje vloge in lokacije PS v celicah se uporablja različne biooznačevalce, ki pa imajo določene omejitve. Najpomembnejši biooznačevalec PS je človeški protein aneksin V, ki se ga lahko uporablja le za študije izpostavljenega in ne tudi znotrajceličnega PS, prav tako pa ni uporaben za označevanje živih celic. Uporabljajo se tudi drugi proteinski označevalci, vendar zaradi številnih pomanjkljivosti ostaja natančna celična lokalizacija in znotrajcelična dinamika PS v živih celicah področje mnogih raziskav. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential membrane phospholipid found in all domains of life. It is extremely important phospholipid since it participates in many biological processes. However, the most important feature of PS is its location. PS is located exclusively on the inside of the plasma membrane, where very little is known about its role. When it is exposed on the outside of the plasma membrane, it regulates cellular processes such as apoptosis, blood coagulation, bone mineralization and numerous interactions between cells. Understanding the behaviour and location of PS in cell membranes is important for understanding many physiological processes in our cells. Different biomarkers are used to detect the role of PS, which have certain limitations. The most important biomarker of PS is the human protein annexin V, which can only be used for studies of exposed and not intracellular PS, and is also not useful for labelling living cells. Other protein probes are also used, but due to many weaknesses, the precise cellular localization and intracellular dynamics of PS in living cells remains unresolved. |
