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Uživanje drog kot so alkohol, marihuana, kokain, plesne droge, heroin in ostale droge predstavljajo velik problem sodobne družbe. Vedno lažja dostopnost do drog, vedno večja sprejemljivost in rekreativna uporaba med mladimi ter vpliv industrije zabave predstavljajo ene izmed vodilnih problemov sodobne družbe. V magistrskem delu smo se posvetili problemu uporabe drog in alkohola med mladimi in vplivom na varnost in zdravje pri delu ter na posledice in nevarnosti njihove uporabe na delovnem mestu in delovni organizaciji. Poleg problemov povezanih z delavci migranti iz držav tretjega sveta in vedno starejše delovne sile, gre namreč za enega izmed največjih problemov oziroma izzivov varnosti in zdravja pri delu na trgu dela v Evropi in tudi svetu. V magistrskem delu so predstavljeni študentsko delo in razne definicije, kot so stimulansi, halucinogeni, depresorji, rekreativna uporaba drog, zdravstveni pregledi po Zakonu o varnosti in zdravju pri delu ter kako zakon opredeljuje položaj alkohola in drog na delovnem mestu. Predstavili smo razširjenost uporabe drog in alkohola med mladimi, njihovo vpetost v delo oziroma vplive na varnost in zdravje pri delu. Dotaknili smo se tudi družbene tematike in sicer v smislu osebnih dejavnikov mladih, ki pripomorejo k uporabi drog. Splošno so bile opisane skupine drog, kot so depresorji centralnega živčnega sistema, stimulansi, halucinogeni in kanaboidi ter predstavil glavne predstavnike teh skupin alkohol, kokain, krek, ekstazi, LSD. Opisali smo kratkoročne učinke uporabe drog, ki bi se morebiti pojavili pri delavcih ali delavcih študentih na delu in tudi dolgoročne posledice, ki bi se lahko pojavile po daljši zlorabi. V naslednjih poglavjih smo predstavili naraščajočo problematiko rekreativne uporabe drog in opisali znake ter posledice zlorabe drog na delovnem mestu. Dotaknili smo se tudi dejavnikov, ki lahko pripomorejo k uporabi drog na delovnem mestu. Opisali smo naloge vodstva, nadzornih delavcev in ukrepanje v povezavi z drogami in alkoholom, testiranja, obravnavo zlorab in preventivne programe uporabe drog na delovnem mestu. V okviru eksperimentalnega dela je bilo anketiranih več kot 1100 študentov različnih fakultet univerze v Ljubljani. Zanimal nas je njihov oseben odnos do drog, dojemanje in uporaba psihoaktivnih snovi v zasebnem in predvsem službenem življenju, med opravljanjem študentskega dela ter tudi na delovnem mestu, kaj morda opazijo njihovi sodelavci študenti in redno zaposleni ter kakšen pomen ima delodajalec v smislu problematike drog in alkohola. Ugotovili smo, da anketiranim študentom uporaba drog in alkohola v prostem času ni tuja, saj je bilo ugotovljeno, da jih 67 % uporablja tedensko. Največ jih je pričakovano uporabilo marihuano (68 %) in alkohol (97 %). Prav tako je bilo ugotovljeno, da je 46 % anektiranih študentov že čutilo posledice omamljenosti oziroma pijanosti na delovnem mestu, 23 % študentov pa je bilo na delovnem mestu omamljenih oziroma pijanih. Ugotovili smo, da kar 79 % delodajalcev delavce študente ne pošlje na preventivni zdravstveni pregled pred študentskim delom, prav tako pa 90 % delodajalcev ne izvaja nobenih preventivnih ukrepov na področju problematike uporabe drog in alkohola na delovnem mestu. Ugotovljeni je tudi bilo, da večina delodajalcev ne izvaja preizkuse na droge in alkohol. 59 % anketiranih študentov meni, da je problematika uporabe drog in alkohola pri bodoči delovni sili vedno večja. Cilji magistrskega dela so bili doseženi. Predstavil sem, da je uporaba drog in alkohola med mladimi, kot bodoči in tudi že sedanji delovni sili velika, da se delodajalci ne zavedajo problematike uporabe drog in alkohola in problematičnih vplivov na njihovo delovno organizacijo, in da bo ta problematika postajala vedno večja. The use of drugs such as alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, party drugs, heroin and other drugs is a major problem of modern society. Increasing access to drugs, increasing acceptance and recreational use among young people, and the influence of the entertainment industry are one of the leading problems of modern society. In master's thesis we focused on this topic which represents major problem on safety and health at work as well. In addition to problems related to migrant workers from third world countries and an increasingly aging workforce, it is one of the biggest problems and challenges of safety and health at work on the labor market in Europe and the world. The master's thesis presents student work and various definitions, medical examinations under the Law of Occupational safety and health and how the law defines the position of alcohol and drugs in the workplace. We presented the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among young people, their involvement in work and occupational health and safety. We also touched social issues, what are the personal factors of young people which contribute to drug use. We generally presented groups of drugs such as central nervous system depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and cannabinoids, and introduced the main representatives of these groups alcohol, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, LSD. We have described the short-term effects of drug use that may occur in workers or student workers at work, as well as long-term effects and consequences that could occur after prolonged abuse. In the following chapters, we presented the increasingly problematic recreational drug use and described the signs and consequences of drug abuse in the workplace and what are the factors that contribute to drug use in the workplace. We described the tasks of management and supervisors and drug and alcohol policy, drug testing, dealing with abuse, and prevention programs for drug use in the workplace. As part of the experimental work, more than 1,100 students from various faculties of the University of Ljubljana were surveyed. We were interested in their personal attitude to drugs, their perception and use of psychoactive substances in their private and, above all, work life, as well as how their colleagues, students and full-time employees perceive drugs and alcohol at work and the importance of the employer in drugs and alcohol work problem. We found that the surveyed students are no strangers with use of drugs and alcohol in their free time, as it was found that 67% of them use it on a weekly basis. As expected, most of them used marijuana (68%) and alcohol (97%). It was also found that 46% of the surveyed students already felt the effects of dazedness or drunkenness at the workplace, and 23% of students were dazed or drunk at the workplace. We found that as many as 79% of employers did not send student workers to a preventive health check-up before student work, and 90% of employers do not implement any preventive measures in the field of drug and alcohol use at the workplace. It was also found that most employers do not conduct drug and alcohol tests. 59% of surveyed students believe that the problem of drug and alcohol use in the future workforce is increasing. The objectives of the master's thesis have been achieved. I emphasized that the use of drugs and alcohol among young people, as a future and already the current workforce, is high, that employers are not aware of the problem of drug and alcohol use and the problematic effects on their work organization, and that this problem will continue to grow. |
