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V diplomskem delu sem presodil smiselnost investicije v napravo za kompenzacijo jalove moči v kotlarni. Postroj sestoji iz treh kotlov in petih naprav za soproizvodnjo toplote in elektrike (SPTE), kjer so kot gorivo uporabljajo lesni sekanci. Proizvedena toplota se uporablja za ogrevanje bližnjega Zavoda za prestajanje kazni Dob. SPTE enote obratujejo skozi vse leto, kotli pa zgolj v kurilni sezoni. Profil porabe električne energije je tako sezonski in v pasu. Kogeneracije proizvajajo skupaj 225 kW delovne moči, kar je dovolj za potrebe kotlarne, ker pa imamo veliko porabnikov s potrebo po jalovi moči, moramo le to prejemati iz omrežja. V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil rešitve za ta strošek. Začel sem s teoretičnim delom. Opisal sem jalovo moč, način priključitve in vrste kompenzacijskih naprav, ter nastanek in vplive višje harmonskih komponent. V nadaljevanju sem na podlagi podatkov iz omrežnega števca izračunal prekomerno prevzeto jalovo energijo in s tem povezan letni strošek. Za izbiro ustrezne kompenzacijske naprave smo na objektu izvedli meritve. Zanimale so nas napetostne in tokovne razmere, delež delovne in jalove moči ter prisotnost višje harmonskih komponent. Kot alternativno možnost nižanja stroška za prevzeto jalovo energijo sem preučil še možnosti proizvodnje jalove moči s sinhronskim generatorjem in z razsmernikom. In my thesis, I evaluated the rationale behind the investment in a device for compensating reactive power in the boiler room. The system consists of three boilers and five elements for the cogeneration of heat and electricity (CHP), with wood chips used as fuel. The produced energy is used to heat the nearby Dob Penitentiary. CHP units operate throughout the year, but boilers only during the heating season. The electricity consumption profile is both seasonal and base load. Cogenerations produce a total of 225 kW of active power, which is enough for the needs of the boiler room, but since we have many consumers with a need for reactive power, we have to receive that from the grid. In my thesis, I presented solutions for this cost. I started with theory. I described the reactive power, the method of connection and the types of compensation equipment, as well as the formation and effects of higher harmonic components. Based on the data from the network meter, I calculated the excessive absorbed reactive energy and the related annual cost. In order to select suitable compensation equipment, we carried out measurements at the facility. We were interested in the voltage and current conditions, the proportion of active and reactive power and the presence of higher harmonic components. As an alternative possibility of reducing the cost of absorbed reactive energy, I also studied the possibilities of producing reactive power with a synchronous generator and an inverter. |
