| Popis: |
Osteoporoza je znana že iz obdobja starodavnih Egipčanov. Egipčanske mumije starejših moških iz časa okoli 220 let pr.n.št. so imele dokaze o prisotnosti osteoporoze. Kljub temu, da je osteoporoza bolezen, ki je že tako dolgo del našega življenja, še vedno trpimo njene posledice. Verjetno celo bolj kot kadarkoli prej, saj se starost prebivalstva povečuje, telesna aktivnost pa se kot protiutež bolezni iz leta v leto znižuje. V magistrski nalogi se bomo spoznali z osteoporozo in dejavniki za njen nastanek. Opisali bomo najnovejše postopke diagnosticiranja bolezni in kaj lahko storimo, da bolezen preprečimo ali vsaj odložimo njen nastanek. Predvsem pa bomo raziskali, kako se lahko s telesno vadbo zoperstavimo osteoporozi (preventivno in kurativno), katere vadbe so bolj učinkovite od drugih in kaj vse bi moral osteoporozni bolnik početi za močne kosti in funkcionalno življenje. Za izdelavo magistrske naloge so bili uporabljeni številni tuji in domači viri, ki so se dotaknili pereče teme. Različne oblike vadb imajo med seboj različne pozitivne učinke, ki lahko ob kombiniranju vodijo v izboljšanje celostne funkcionalnosti telesa. Največje pozitivne učinke in potencial predstavlja kombinirana vadba moči, ki vsebuje prenašanje lastne teže in visoke sile, ki delujejo na kosti. V celosten vidik pa veliko prispevata tudi vadba ravnotežja pri kateri so se izkazale predvsem specifično usmerjene ravnotežne vadbe ter Tai Chi in vadba gibljivosti, ki ima največji potencial s svojim vplivom na telesno držo. Tako zaključujemo, da bi morala biti telesna vadba vključena v terapijo vsakega osteoporoznega bolnika. Osteoporosis is known already from the time of ancient Egyptians. Egyptian mummies of older men from around 220 years BC had evidence of the presence of osteoporosis. Despite the fact that osteoporosis is a disease, that has so long been a part of our lives, we still suffer its consequences. Probably even more than ever, as the age of the population increases and physical activity as a counterweight to the disease decreases each year. In the Master's thesis we will learn about osteoporosis and factors for its formation. We will describe the latest methods of diagnosing the disease and what can be done to prevent the disease or at least delaying its emergence. Above all, we will explore how can we fight osteoporosis with exercise (preventive and curative), which exercises are more effective than others and what should osteoporotic patient do for strong bones and functional life. For the making of the thesis various domestic and foreign sources were used, which have touched this controversial issue. Different forms of exercise have different positive effects which can be combined to improve the functionality of whole body. The greatest positive effects and potential represents the combined exercise of strenght, which involves weight loading and high forces acting on the bone. Also balance exercises in which we recomend specifically targeted balance exercises an Tai Chi and flexibility exercise with its effect on postural control are important in whole picture. Thus, we conclude that exercise should be included in therapy of osteoporosis patients. |
