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Pravica do socialne varnosti je ustavno določena pravica v Sloveniji in se izvršuje v obliki socialnih zavarovanj, ki predstavljajo temelj našega sistema socialne varnosti. V sistem socialne varnosti, skladno z razlago Ustavnega sodišča RS in 7. členom Zakona o delovnih in socialnih sodiščih, spada tudi sistem socialnega varstva oz. sistem socialne pomoči, ki v tem delu ni analiziran. Sistem socialne varnosti je namenjen zagotavljanju varnosti v primeru uresničitve socialnega primera (bolezen, poškodba, invalidnost, starševstvo, brezposelnost, starost), ki pri posamezniku povzroči izpad dohodka ali nezadostni dohodek. Sistem socialne varnosti je bil oblikovan na predpostavki standardnega delavca, ki opisuje osebo, zaposleno za nedoločen delovni čas s polnim delovnim časom. Vedno večji delež delavcev pa delo opravlja v nestandardnih oblikah zaposlitve in samozaposlitve, s čimer poimenujemo tiste vrste zaposlitve, ki se v eni ali več značilnostih razlikujejo od standardne zaposlitve. To so zlasti zaposlitve za določen čas, zaposlitve za krajši delovni čas od polnega, samozaposleni, delo študentov in upokojencev in delo na podlagi ene izmed pogodb civilnega prava. Socialna varnost teh delavcev se razlikuje glede na pravno podlago za vključitev v socialna zavarovanja in je praviloma manj obsežna kot v standardnih oblikah zaposlitve. Kljub temu, da se zakonodajalec na pojav nestandardnih oblik zaposlitve in samozaposlitve odziva z določenimi reformami, pa te še vedno ne zagotavljajo vsem skupinam delavcem dostop do vseh vej socialne varnosti. The right to social security is a fundamental right guaranteed by the constitution of Slovenia and is implemented through social insurance, which constitute the foundation of our social security system. In the framework of the social security system, as per the interpretation given by the Constitutional Court of Slovenia and as stated in Article 7 of the Law on Labor and Social Courts, the system of social welfare is also included, however, it is not the focus of this analysis. The purpose of the social security system is to provide protection in the event of the occurrence of a social event (such as illness, injury, disability, parenthood, unemployment, or old age) that results in a loss of income or insufficient income for an individual. The social security system was designed with the assumption of a standard worker, which refers to an individual employed on an indefinite basis with full-time work. However, a growing number of workers are engaged in non-standard forms of employment and self-employment, which refers to types of employment that differ in one or more characteristics from standard employment. These include temporary employment, part-time employment, self-employment, work for students and retirees, and work based on one of the civil law contracts. The social security of these workers varies depending on the legal basis for inclusion in social insurance and is generally lower than in standard forms of employment. Despite legislative efforts to address the prevalence of non-standard forms of employment and self-employment through various reforms, these still do not provide all groups of workers with access to all branches of social security. |
