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Rak debelega črevesa (RDČ) zaradi pogostnosti in visoke umrljivosti predstavlja veliko javnozdravstveno breme. Sestava črevesne mikrobiote predstavlja pomemben dejavnik tveganja za nastanek RDČ. Sovplivi med prehrano, mikrobioto in gostiteljem so bistveni za vzdrževanje homeostaze in razumevanje, kako te kompleksne interakcije vplivajo na razvoj karcinogeneze, kar je zelo pomembno za preprečevanje in obvladovanje RDČ. Uživanje probiotikov je povezano s pozitivnimi učinkih na sestavo črevesne mikrobiote, zato imajo velik antikarcinogeni potencial. Možni antikarcinogeni mehanizmi vključujejo modifikacijo črevesne mikrobiote, spremembe presnovne aktivnosti mikrobiote, vezavo in razgradnjo rakotvornih spojin, prisotnih v črevesni svetlini, učinke na črevesno permeabilnost, imunomodulacijo in regulacijo celične proliferacije in apoptoze. Kljub naprednim medicinskim postopkom za RDČ, je stopnja umrljivost med bolniki še vedno zelo visoka. Razlog zato so številni neželjeni stranski učinki povezani z zdravljenjem, kot so driska, zaprtje, napenjane, bakteriemija, okužba sečil in drugi. Med bolj neprijetne stranske učinke zdravljenja RDČ spada driska, ki jo že učinkovito zdravijo z dodajanjem probiotikov. Probiotiki tako postajajo zanimivo področje raziskovanja pri zdravljenju in preprečevanju raka debelega črevesja. Colon cancer represents a major public health burden in the world due to its frequency and high mortality rate. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is considered as an important risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer. Interactions between diet, microbiota and host are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and understanding how these complex interactions can influence the development of carcinogenesis, which is crucial for management and prevention of colon cancer. Probiotics are well-known as being able to positively modulate the composition of microbiota. According to conducted studies probiotics have shown promising anticarcinogenic properties. Possible anticarcinogenic mechanisms include modification of the intestinal microbiota, changes in metabolic activity of the microbiota, binding and degradation of carcinogenic compounds present in the intestinal lumen, effects on intestinal permeability, immunomodulation and regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Although several advanced medical procedures exist, survival rates of patients that had undergo treatment are still poor with many adverse treatments associated side effects such as diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, bacteremia, urinary tract infection and others. Probiotics have been shown to be effective in preventing them, especially diarrhea, known as the most unpleasant side effect. Hence, they hold great potential as anticarcinogenic therapists for colon cancer prevention and treatment. |
