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Nogomet je najbolj razširjena in prepoznavna igra na svetu. Sodobni nogomet je izjemno dinamičen, intenziven in hiter, pogosto pa tudi grob in na meji prekrška. Le-ta od igralcev zahteva izjemne telesne in tehnične sposobnosti. Vadbeni proces mladih nogometašev je usmerjen k zgodnji selekciji in veliki tedenski količini treningov. Prav to pa je največkrat razlog, da je prevalenca poškodb v nogometu velika. Najpogostejše poškodbe v nogometu so poškodbe spodnjih okončin. Menimo, da je njihovo število mogoče zmanjšati s sistematičnim in ustrezno načrtovanim vadbenim procesom, ki vključuje tudi ustrezne preventivne strategije za njihovo preprečevanje. To je še toliko bolj pomembno, kadar je vadbeni proces namenjen otrokom in mladini. Namen magistrskega dela je bil analizirati poškodbe mladih nogometašev in predlagati strategije za njihovo preprečevanje. Za preučevanje poškodb pri mladih nogometaših smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil prilagojen glede na priporočila za epidemiološke študije v športni znanosti. Vprašalnik je vključeval antropometrične in demografske spremenljivke ter spremenljivke, ki so bile namenjene ugotavljanju nogometnih poškodb. Podatke smo statistično izračunali s programom IBM SPSS za Windows. Pri tem smo opisnim podatkom izračunali frekvence in relativne frekvence povezanost med spremenljivkami pa smo ugotovili z izračunom Pearsonove korelacije ob 5% stopnji tveganja α. Ugotovili smo, da so anketiranci najpogosteje utrpeli poškodbe spodnjih okončin, med katerimi so prevladovali zvin gležnja, poškodba kolena, sprednje in zadnje stegenske mišice ter dimelj. Ugotovili smo, da se incidenca poškodb povečuje s starostjo nogometašev, kakor tudi z leti treniranja. Največ poškodb so utrpeli tisti, ki so opravili največ treningov tedensko, ter tisti, ki so v nogometu najuspešnejši. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je bila uporaba nogometnih čevljev s kovinskimi čepi povezana z večjo pojavnostjo poškodb. Nogometnim strokovnjakom priporočamo, da vadbeni proces mladih nogometašev izvajajo skladno z doktrino telesnega napora. Pri tem naj upoštevajo ustrezno doziranje treninga in počitka. Pozornost naj namenijo predvsem kakovosti izvedbe treninga in ne njegovi preveliki količin. Menimo, da je predoziranje treningov in tekem razlog za utrujenost in pretreniranost mladih nogometašev, kar lahko vodi v veliko število poškodb. Za preprečevanje poškodb pa je zelo pomembna tudi uporaba ustrezne nogometne obutve. Mladim nogometašem priporočamo, da tako na umetni, kot naravni travi uporabljajo čevlje s plastičnimi čepi. Football is the most widespread and recognizable game in the world. Modern football is extremely dynamic, intense and fast, but often also rough and on the verge of a foul it requires exceptional physical and technical skills from the players. The training process of young football players is aimed at early selection and a large weekly amount of training and matches. This is often the reason why the prevalence of injuries in football is so high. The most common injuries in football are injuries of the lower extremities. Their number can be reduced with a systematic and properly planned training process that also includes appropriate preventive strategies to prevent them. The aim and goal of the master's thesis was to analyze injuries of young football players and propose a strategy for their prevention. To study injuries in young soccer players we used a questionnaire that was adapted according to the recommendations for epidemiological studies in sports science. The questionnaire included anthropometric and demographic variables as well as variables aimed at identifying football injuries. The data were statistically calculated using the IBM SPSS program. In doing so, we calculated frequencies and relative frequencies using descriptive data the connection between the variables was determined by calculating the Pearson correlation at a 5% risk level α. We found that the respondents most often suffered injuries of the lower extremities, among which sprained ankle, knee injury, anterior and posterior thigh muscle injury, and groin injury prevailed. We found that the incidence of injuries increases with the age of soccer players, as well as with years of training. The most injuries were suffered by those who completed the most weekly training sessions and those who are the most successful in football. We also found that the use of football boots with metal studs may be associated with a higher incidence of injuries. We recommend football experts to implement the training process of young football players in accordance with the doctrine of physical effort. It should be taken into account that proper dosing of training and rest is very important they should pay attention mainly to the quality of the training implementation and not to its excessive amount. We believe that the overdose of training and matches is the reason for the fatigue and overtraining of young football players, which can lead to a large number of injuries. The use of appropriate football footwear is also very important to prevent injuries. That is why we recommend that young football players use shoes with plastic studs on both artificial and natural grass. |
