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Cilji magistrskega dela so bili ugotoviti najpogostejše poškodbe in bolečine kmetovalcev, pogostost in resnost njihovih akutnih in kroničnih poškodb ter poiskati vzroke za njihov nastanek. Glede na dobljene rezultate je bil namen dela pripraviti priporočila za preprečevanje teh poškodb ter priporočila za izboljšanje telesne pripravljenosti kmetovalcev. Raziskavo smo izvedli s pomočjo spletnega vprašalnika, na katerega je odgovorilo 429 kmetovalcev iz celotne Slovenije. Ugotovili smo, da je skoraj 85,00 % anketirancev vsak dan dvigovalo bremena, katerih povprečna masa je bila 23,3 kilograma. Med opravljanjem sezonskega kmetijskega dela je 64,34 % anketirancev v traktorju ali drugi kmetijski mehanizaciji presedelo več kot 3 ure kar 47,54 % pa jih je z ročnim orodjem delalo tri ure ali več dnevno. Raziskava je pokazala, da je bilo med delom poškodovanih že 88,54 % vseh anketirancev. Najpogostejše poškodbe so bili udarci, hematomi in odrgnine ter vbodne rane. Kar 45,11 % anketirancev je med delom ali že v mirovanju občutilo kronične bolečine. Anketiranci so poročali, da so tovrstne bolečine že imeli v ledvenem delu hrbta (56,05 %), vratu (40,12 %), kolenih (34,39 %), ramenih (26,11 %), zapestju (22,93 %) in prstih na rokah (20,38 %). Predvidevamo, da je na poškodbe in bolečine anketirancev najbolj vplivalo predvsem dvigovanje težkih bremen, dolgotrajno sedenje, delo, ki je vključevalo vibracije, ponavljajoči se gibi ter delo v prisilnih položajih. Ker so anketiranci svoje zdravje in telesno pripravljenost ocenili nadpovprečno, smo namesto priporočil za izboljšanje telesne pripravljenosti na podlagi ugotovitev raziskave pripravili priporočila za preventivno vadbo pred poškodbami in kroničnimi bolečinami, ki so posledica dela. Predvidevamo, da lahko tovrstna vadba zmanjša možnost nastanka poškodb in kroničnih bolečin, zato kmetovalcem priporočamo, da jo redno izvajajo. The aim of this study was to identify the most common injuries and pains among farmers, frequency and seriousness of their acute and chronical injuries and to find the cause for their emergence. Considering resoults, the purpose was to prepare recommendations for preventing those injuries and recommendations for improving farmers physical condition. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire, which was answered by 429 farmers from Slovenia. We found out that almost 85,00 % of respondents are lifting heavy loads every day, with the average weight of 23,3 kilograms. During seasonal agricultural work, 64,34 % of farmers spend more than 3 hours in a tractor or other agricultural machinery, as many as 47,54 % per year worked with hand tools for three hours or more per day. The survey showed that 88,54 % of all respondents were partially injured. The most common were blows, hematomas, abrasions and stab wounds. 45,11 % of respondents are saying that they are feeling some chronical pain during their work or at standstill. These most commonly occur in the lumbar region of the back (56,05 %), neck (40,12 %), knees (34,39 %), shoulders (26,11 %), wrists (22,93 %) and fingers. (20,38 %). We assume that the injuries of farmers are mainly affected by the movement of heavy loads prolonged sitting work involving vibrations repetitive movements and work in forced positions. Because farmers rated their health and physical condition above average, instead of recommendations for improving physical condition, we made recommendations for preventive exercise against pain that are based on the findings of the research. It is anticipated that this type of exercise can affect the risk of developing chronic pain, so we recommend that farmers do it regularly. |
