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Magistrsko diplomsko delo obravnava institut izjemnega stanja v slovenskem pravnem redu: na eni strani ustavnopravno ureditev izrednega stanja in na drugi ravnanja slovenske vlade in drugih pristojnih državnih organov pri soočanju s kriznimi situacijami v praksi. Čeprav je v mnogih državah izjemno stanje kot mehanizem kriznega posredovanja urejen na ustavni ravni, ga državni organi izvršilne veje oblasti v kriznih situacijah praviloma obidejo, tako da sprejmejo nujne ukrepe brez predhodne razglasitve izrednega stanja, na podlagi široke interpretacije obstoječih zakonskih pooblastil z vključitvijo nujnih ukrepov v obstoječo zakonodajo. Tudi v Republiki Sloveniji je bil med množično migrantsko krizo in ob izbruhu koronavirusne bolezni uporabljen ta pristop, ki se v pravni teoriji imenuje pristop business as usual. Magistrsko diplomsko delo torej opozarja na možnost zlorab slovenskega ustavnega mehanizma kriznega posedovanja – izrednega stanja – in njihove posledice. V sklepnem delu predstavi ugotovitve glede prilagojenosti trenutnih ustavnih določb o izrednem stanju današnjim varnostnim izzivom. Podrobnejši pregled ustavnih določb o izrednem stanju in mednarodnih norm s področja človekovih pravic je pokazal, da je slovenski ustavni mehanizem izrednega stanja zasnovan v skladu z mednarodnimi standardi, ki zagotavljajo preživetje demokratičnega pravnega reda tudi med izrednimi razmerami. The master's thesis deals with the State of exception in the Slovenian legal system: with the constitutional regulation of the State of emergency on one hand and with the conducts of Slovenian government and other national competent authority in dealing with emergencies in practice on the other. Although the State of exception is in many countries defined as a crisis reaction mechanism and regulated at the constitutional level, governments in times of emergencies oftentimes bypass it by exercising of emergency powers without prior formal declaration of the State of emergency, based on a broad interpretation of the existing legal bases or by incorporating emergency measures into the existing legislation. This approach, which in legal theory is called the business as usual approach, was also used in the Republic of Slovenia during the mass migrant crisis and the COVID-19 outbreak. The master's thesis therefore draws attention to the possibility of abuse of the Slovenian constitutional crisis reaction mechanism – State of emergency – and its consequences. In the final part, it presents the findings regarding the adaption of the existing constitutional provisions of the State of emergency to the current security challenges. A detailed review of the constitutional provisions on the State of emergency and international human rights norms has shown that the Slovenian constitutional mechanism of the State of emergency is designed in accordance with international standards, which are ensuring the survival of the democratic legal order during the emergencies. |
