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Uvod: V diplomskem delu smo predstavili vpliv dvigovanja bremen na delovnem mestu in vpliv na žensko ter plod. Izpostavljenost dvigovanju težkih bremen poveča tveganje za neugodne izide nosečnosti. Privede lahko do sprememb v rasti in razvoju ploda, pelvične in/ali medenične bolečine, spontanega splava, prezgodnjega poroda, mrtvorojenosti. Delodajalec je dolžen ukrepati takoj, ko ga delavka obvesti o nosečnosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati poznavanje posledic dvigovanja bremen med ženskami. Zanima nas tudi odziv delodajalca ter poznavanje pravic. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom domače in tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature v knjigah, zbornikih in člankih. Literaturo smo iskali v spletnih podatkovnih bazah Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Google učenjak. V drugem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena kvantitativna metoda z vprašalnikom, ki smo ga posredovali s pomočjo spletne strani 1ka. Posredovali smo jo v Facebook skupine z naslovom Nosečka forum in Mamice Poljanske doline. Vprašalnik je bil namenjen ženskam v zadnjem trimesečju nosečnosti ali mamicam, ki so rodile v preteklem letu. Vprašalnik je bil sestavljen iz dvajsetih vprašanj, ki smo jih postavili na podlagi pregleda literature. Rezultati: Vse ženske v naši raziskavi (N=216), ki so bile med nosečnostjo zaposlene, so svojega delodajalca o nosečnosti obvestile. Večina jih je mnenja, da se je delodajalec na novico odzval pozitivno in da je skrbel za njihovo ter otrokovo varnost. Skoraj vse so bile pred in med nosečnostjo izpostavljene vsaj enemu dejavniku tveganja za njeno in otrokovo zdravje. Delodajalci in nadrejeni so nosečnico s pravicami seznanili le v skupno 15 %. Dve tretjini jih med nosečnostjo ni bilo v bolniškem staležu. 72 % jih med nosečnostjo ni imelo težav. Večina jih ni nikoli izračunala mase enkratnega bremena in vsote bremen, ki jih dvignejo dnevno. Skoraj vse dvigujejo bremena tudi v svojem prostem času. Razprava in zaključek: Informacije o pravicah so od delodajalcev in nadrejenih pridobile le v redkih primerih. Ženske se teže dvignjenih bremen ne zavedajo, saj se le redko vprašajo, kakšno težo vsakodnevno dvigujejo. Babica lahko tekom prenatalnega obdobja vpliva na samo področje dvigovanja bremen na delovnem mestu. Ženske bi lahko v šolah za starše in dispanzerjih poučevali o dovoljeni teži in načinu dvigovanja. Introduction: In the literature review we researched the impact of lifting heavy loads on the workplace and the impact of lifting on the woman and fetus. With heavy lifting the chances of negative outcomes on pregnancy increases. Lifting can lead to changes in fetal growth and development, pelvic and/or pelvic pain, miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth. The employer is obliged to act as soon as the worker informs him of the pregnancy. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate knowledge of the consequences of lifting heavy loads among pregnant women. We are also interested in an employer response and knowledge of rights during pregnancy. Methods: In theoretical part we used a descriptive method with a review of domestic and foreign, professional and scientific literature in books, proceedings and articles. We searched for the literature in databases as Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. In the second part of the diploma we used the quantitative method. We used the questionnaire, which was submitted through the website 1ka. The questionnair was sent to Facebook groups Nosečka forum and Mamice Poljanske doline. It was meant for women in last trimester of pregnancy and for those who gave birth in the past year. The questionnaire consisted of twenty questions that were asked based on the literature review. Results: All women in our study (N=216) who were employed during pregnancy told about pregnancy to their employer. In most cases employer responded positively to the news and that it took care of her and her child's safety. Almost all of them were exposed to at least one risk factor before and during pregnancy. Only 15% of pregnant women have been informed of their rights by employers and superiors. Two thirds of them were not on sick leave during pregnancy. 72% had no helath problems during pregnancy. Most have never calculated the mass of a one-time load and the sum of the loads they lift on a daily basis. Almost all of them lift loads even in their spare time. Discussion and conclusion: In most cases, employers responded positively to the news about preganncy. Women believe that both her and her child's safety have been taken care of during pregnancy. Women have rarely obtained information about rights from employers and superiors. Women are not aware of the weight of the lifted loads, as they rarely imagine the weight they lift on a daily basis. Midwife can have influence to lifting on work during preganancy. This things can be tought during schools for parents and doctors visits. |
