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Dvoživke in ribe kostnice imajo med vretenčarji eno izmed najbolj učinkovitih regenerativnih sposobnostih. Nekateri predstavniki so zmožni regenerirati izgubljena ali poškodovana tkiva in organe v novo funkcionalno tkivo oziroma organ. Tkiva, ki imajo velik regeneracijski potencial so ud, mrežnica, ventrikel srca, hrbtenjača ter še nekatera druga tkiva. Njihova regenerativna sposobnost je za nas predvsem zanimiva za proučevanje, saj višje razviti vretenčarji, sesalci, nimajo tako velike regenerativne sposobnosti. Pri ljudeh so okrevanja po večjih poškodbah, vnetjih in drugih (urgentnih) stanjih, lahko dolgotrajna, naporna in celo nepopolna. Poznavanje dejavnikov in celičnih mehanizmov, ki dvoživkam omogočajo tako učinkovito regenerativno sposobnost bi tako lahko olajšalo postopke celjenja različnih tkiv. Do sedaj so že ovrednotili, da so s procesom regeneracije povezani dejavniki: število matičnih celic v organizmu, dediferencijski in transdiferencijski potencial, izražanje specifičnih genov, razvitost imunskega odziva ter nekateri epigenetski regulatorji. Kar nekaj raziskav je bilo že opravljenih na področju proučevanja mehanizmov in dejavnikov, ki sodelujejo pri procesu regeneracije, vendar se lahko določeni dejavniki v drugem organizmu (tudi že pri drugi dvoživki) izražajo popolnoma regeneracijsko neodvisno ali celo zaviralno. Nekaj študij je bilo tudi prenesenih na sesalske celice, vendar bodo za morebiten prenos znanja na sesalce in v klinično prakso v prihodnosti, potrebne tudi študije na celotnem organizmu. In addition to teleosts, amphibians have one of the greatest regenerative potential among vertebrates. Some amphibian representatives are able to regenerate lost or damaged tissues and organs into new functional tissues and organs. Some of the tissues that have great regenerative potential are limbs, retina, heart ventricle, spinal cord and some other tissues. Their regenerative ability is especially interesting for us because higher developed vertebrates, mammals, do not have such regenerative ability. This can be problematic for people, especially in the medical field, after various major injuries, inflammations and other (urgent) conditions, as recovery can be long, exhausting and even incomplete. Knowing the factors and cellular mechanisms that allow amphibians such a high regenerative capacity could thus facilitate the healing processes of various tissues. So far, it has been evaluated that the number of stem cells in the body, dedifferential and transdifferential potential, expression of specific genes, development of the immune response and some epigenetic regulators are related to the regeneration process. Quite a few studies have already been done in the field of studying the mechanisms and factors involved in the regeneration process, but certain factors in another organism (even in another amphibian) can either have regenerative response or even supress the regenerative proces. Some studies have also been transferred to mammalian cells, but studies on the whole organisms will also be required for the possible transfer of knowledge to clinical practice in the future. |
