Procesne dileme upravne pritožbe v Sloveniji in primerjava s Hrvaško

Autor: Ribič, Urška
Přispěvatelé: Kovač, Polonca
Jazyk: slovinština
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Popis: Pravna sredstva kot instituti, preko katerih se uveljavljajo temeljna načela v upravnih postopkih, izražajo ustavni pomen, saj skozi uporabo predstavljajo zaščito pravic strank v postopku, ko posameznik v veljavnem pravnem redu s pravnim sredstvom uveljavlja svoje pravice. Pravno sredstvo velja za specifično procesno dejanje, s katerim se pred pristojnim organom sproži nadzorni postopek ter ugotavlja skladnost določenega upravnega akta, hkrati pa predstavlja zagotovitev zakonitega odločanja. Je instrument boja proti prevladi oblasti in arbitrarnosti upravnih organov. Namen pravnih sredstev je v njihovi učinkovitosti, ki se preverja skozi zagotavljanje zakonitosti in preprečevanja samovolje. Pravna sredstva so učinkovita, kadar v praksi dosegajo cilje norm in se uporabljajo v predvidenem obsegu ter kadar se jih uporablja skladno z namenom njihovega normiranja. Prav učinkovitost pravnega sredstva je eno izmed temeljnih načel evropskega upravnega prava in ključna sestavina vsakega pravnega sistema v vladavini prava. Pravna sredstva so opredeljena že v Ustavi RS, ki velja za temeljni in najvišji splošni pravni akt države, iz tega pa izhaja, da je pravica do pritožbe sestavni del temeljnih človekovih pravic in pravic državljanov, hkrati pa predstavlja enega glavnih institutov za zaščito človekovih pravic. Pravica do pritožbe je dana z Ustavo RS in je ena izmed temeljnih načel upravnega postopka ter hkrati temeljna pravica vsakega posameznika. Pritožba predstavlja temeljni institut demokracije in kakovosti upravnega dela ter je eden izmed najpogostejših instrumentov javne zaščite državljanov in ključno pravno sredstvo za preverjanje zakonitosti. Kot redno pravno sredstvo je bila leta 1991 tako v Republiki Hrvaški kot v Republiki Sloveniji uvrščena na raven ustavnega jamstva v obeh nacionalnih ustavah. Problematika magistrskega dela se nanaša na obravnavane procesne dileme pritožbe kot rednega pravnega sredstva, namen pa je analiza in presoja le-teh. Primerjalno je problematika delno preučevana na primeru Hrvaške. Pri raziskovanju so bile uporabljene naslednje metode: normativna, deskriptivna in zgodovinska metoda ter študija primera, analiza sodne prakse v upravnem sporu, primerjava s sekundarnimi viri, metoda intervjuja ter induktivna in deduktivna metoda. S pomočjo uporabljenih metod sem prišla do ključnih ugotovitev, da določbe tako slovenskega kot hrvaškega ZUP izražajo ustavni pomen pritožbe oziroma operacionalizirajo ustavne pravice strank, saj določbe obeh nacionalnih ustav jamčijo uporabo pritožbe v obeh (u)pravnih sistemih, hkrati pa se po ZUP odloča skladno z ustavo, zato le-ta predstavlja pravno podlago za določbe tega zakona. Poleg tega se je pritožba z vidika primerjave učinkovitosti po merilih devolutivnosti, suspenzivnosti in rokih reševanja glede na predpis izkazala za učinkovito, v praksi pa nekoliko manj. Kot posebej sporno področje v upravnem sporu se je z analizo sodne prakse pokazalo združeno področje okolja in gradbeništva, največ upravnih pritožb pa je vloženih zaradi postopkovnih napak organov. Ključna ugotovitev z vidika primerjave preučevanega področja na primeru ureditve na Hrvaškem je, da imata Hrvaška in Slovenija primerljivo ureditev predvsem zaradi podobnega geopolitičnega razvoja in zgodovinske preteklosti. Razlike med ureditvama pa so vidne le v podrobnostih. Legal remedies as institutes through which the basic principles in administrative proceedings are enforced express their constitutional significance, as through their use they represent the protection of the rights of parties in proceedings when an individual exercises his rights in a valid legal order. A legal remedy is considered to be a specific procedural act by which a supervisory procedure is initiated before the competent authority and the conformity of a certain administrative act is established, while at the same time it represents the provision of lawful decision-making. It is an instrument for combating the domination of power and the arbitrariness of administrative bodies. The purpose of legal remedies is in their effectiveness, which is verified through ensuring legality and preventing arbitrariness. Legal remedies are effective when they achieve the objectives of the norms in practice and are used to the intended extent and when they are used in accordance with the purpose of their standardization. The effectiveness of a legal remedy is one of the fundamental principles of European administrative law and a key component of any legal system in the rule of law. Legal remedies are already defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, which is considered the basic and highest general legal act of the state, and it follows that the right to appeal is an integral part of fundamental human rights and citizens' rights. The right to appeal is given by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and is one of the fundamental principles of administrative procedure and at the same time a fundamental right of every individual. The complaint is a fundamental institute of democracy and the quality of administrative work and is one of the most common instruments of public protection of citizens and a key legal means of verifying legality. As a regular legal remedy, in 1991 it was classified in both the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia at the level of a constitutional guarantee in both national constitutions. The issue of the master's thesis refers to the discussed procedural dilemmas of the appeal as a regular legal remedy, and the purpose is to analyze and assess them. Comparatively, the issue is partially studied on the example of Croatia. The following methods were used in the research: normative, descriptive and historical method, a case study, analysis of case law in administrative dispute, comparison with secondary sources, interview method and inductive and deductive method. With the methods used, I came to the key findings that the provisions of both Slovenian and Croatian ZUP express the constitutional significance of the appeal or operationalize the constitutional rights of the parties, as the provisions of both national constitutions guarantee the use of appeal in both legal systems with the Constitution, therefore this constitutes the legal basis for the provisions of this Act. In addition, from the point of view of comparing efficiency according to the criteria of devolution, suspension and resolution deadlines, the appeal proved to be effective according to the regulation, but slightly less in practice. The combined field of environment and construction has emerged as a particularly controversial area in administrative disputes through the analysis of case law, and most administrative complaints have been filed due to procedural errors by the authorities. The key finding from the point of view of comparing the studied area in the case of regulation in Croatia is that Croatia and Slovenia have comparable regulation, mainly due to similar geopolitical development and historical past. However, the differences between the two arrangements are only visible in the details.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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